Cross Sectional Anatomy

Question 1

You should place the patient in such a way that the structure you wish to visualize is ________ to the detector (rather than the emitter).

Answer 1

closest

Question 2

What are the four basic densities of an x-ray?

Answer 2

air, soft tissue, fat, bone

Question 3

What type of imaging modality is best used to visualize gallstones?

Answer 3

Ultrasound

Question 4

What is the difference between a T1 and T2 weighted MRI image?

Answer 4

T1: water has a low signal (dark)
T2: water has a high signal (white)

Question 5

What type of study is replacing invasive angiography? Why?

Answer 5

Coronary CT angiography - no arterial puncture is required, same information is obtained

Question 6

How can you tell the difference between plicae circulares (small intestine) from haustra (large intestine) in a radiograph?

Answer 6

Haustra do not extend across the bowel, they only indent the margin. Plicae circulares can be seen across the entire diameter of the bowel.

Question 7

Where are the lines drawn to divide the abdominal quadrants?

Answer 7

Median and transumbilical plane

Question 8

What imaging modality should you choose for the following: non-specific abdominal pain/distension?

Answer 8

abdominal plain film XR

Question 9

What imaging modality should you choose for the following: RUQ pain after eating

Answer 9

suspect cholecystitis - ultrasound

Question 10

What imaging modality should you choose for the following: RLQ pain, nausea, vomiting

Answer 10

abdominal plain film XR. If no obstruction (appendicolith), then do ultrasound or CT

Question 11

What imaging modality should you choose for the following: female with pelvic pain

Answer 11

Ultrasound (if young) or CT

Question 12

What imaging modality should you choose for the following: trauma

Answer 12

CT with IV contrast

Question 13

Name four things that are found in the RUQ.

Answer 13

1. Liver
2. Gallbladder
3. Hepatic flexure of the colon
4. Right kidney and adrenal gland

Question 14

Which organ is the most common metastatic site after regional lymph nodes?

Answer 14

Liver

Question 15

Name four things that are found in the LUQ.

Answer 15

1. Spleen
2. Left lobe of the liver
3. Splenic flexure of the colon
4. Left kidney and adrenal gland

Question 16

Name six things that are found in the midline of the abdomen.

Answer 16

1. Pancreas
2. Stomach
3. Transverse colon
4. Small intestine
5. Aorta
6. IVC

Question 17

At what spinal levels do the celiac trunk, SMA, and IMA arise from the aorta?

Answer 17

Celiac trunk: lower half of T12
SMA: upper half of L1
IMA: L3, 3cm above the aortic bifurcation

Question 18

At what spinal level does the aorta split into the right and left common iliac arteries?

Answer 18

L4

Question 19

Is CT mesenteric angiography replacing invasive angiography?

Answer 19

Yeah

Question 20

What are the three major retroperitoneal spaces?

Answer 20

1. Anterior pararenal space
2. Perirenal space
3. Posterior pararenal space

Question 21

Where would air from a perforated duodenum go?

Answer 21

To the anterior pararenal space

Question 22

What is found in the right and left lower quadrants?

Answer 22

Right LQ: cecum, iliocecal region and appendix, right ovary

Left LQ: descending colon, left ovary

Question 23

Appendicitis, IBD (Crohn’s), and colonic malignancy is usually seen in which abdominal quadrant? What about diverticulitis?

Answer 23

Appendicitis, IBD (Crohn’s), and colonic malignancy is found in the RLQ usually

Diverticulitis is found in the LLQ.

Question 24

What is found in the pelvis of peeps?

Answer 24

Females: uterus, ovaries, bladder, rectum

Males: bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, rectum