Cross Sectional Flashcards
1
Q
Another term for inferior
A
Caudal
2
Q
A vertical plane running from side to side
A
Coronal / Frontal
3
Q
A vertical plane running from front to back
A
Sagittal
4
Q
Smaller of the two closed cavities
A
Dorsal Cavity
5
Q
Subdivided into cranial and spinal cavity
A
Dorsal Cavity
6
Q
Cavity that contains the brain
A
Cranial Cavity
7
Q
Cavity that contains the spinal cord
A
Spinal Cavity
8
Q
Largest of the closed cavities
A
Ventral Cavity
9
Q
The two cavities subdivided from the ventral cavity
A
Thoracic Cavity (Superiorly) and Abdominopelvic Cavity (Inferiorly)
10
Q
Cavity that contains the visceral organs
A
Ventral Cavity
11
Q
Most anterior body cavity
A
Ventral Cavity
12
Q
What is the ventral cavity subdivided by
A
Diaphragm
13
Q
What does the abdominopelvic cavity further divide into
A
Abdominal Cavity and Pelvic Cavity
14
Q
What cavity contains the pancreas, stomach, spleen and intestines
A
Abdominal Cavity
15
Q
What cavity contains the urinary bladder, rectum and reproductive organs
A
Pelvic Cavity
16
Q
What is the thoracic cavity divided into
A
Right and Left Plural Cavities and Mediastinal Cavity
17
Q
What organs does the plural cavity contain
A
The Lungs
18
Q
What does the mediastinal cavity contain
A
The Pericardial Cavity (encloses the heart) as well as the Esophagus, Trachea and Great Vessels
19
Q
What are the two types of connective tissue membrans
A
Meninges and Synovial Membrane
20
Q
What do meninges cover
A
The Brain and Spinal Cord
21
Q
What do synovial membrane line
A
Joint Cavities
22
Q
What are the three types of epithelial membrane
A
Cutaneous, Mucous and Serous Membrane
23
Q
What type of epithelial membrane contains skin and is dry
A
Cutaneous Membrane
24
Q
What membrane is moist
A
Mucous Membrane
25
What cavitys does the mucous membrane line
All cavities that are open to the exterior
26
What membrane lines the cavities that are closed to the exterior
Serous Membrane
27
What membrane occurs in pairs
Serous Membrane
28
Serous membrane reduce what
Friction
29
What is the serous membrane called in the abdominopelvic cavity
Peritoneum
30
What peritoneum lines the wall of cavity
Pariteal
31
What does the visceral peritoneum cover
Organs
32
What are the eleven major organ systems
Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive, Endocrine, Lymphatic and Integumentary
33
How many bones make up the skeletal system
206 Bones
34
What are the two portions that make up the body
Axial and Appendicular
35
What portion of the body includes the skull, spine, ribs and sternum
Axial
36
What does the appendicular portion of the body include
Shoulder, Hip Girdles, Arms and Legs
37
What are the five functions of the skeletal system
Shape, Support, Movement, Protection and Blood Cell Protection
38
What characteristics does the shape of the body determine
Height and Size of Hands and Feet
39
What function of the body holds the organs in place
Support
40
What function of the body surrounds the organs with bone
Protection
41
What does bone marrow do
Produces Red Blood Cells and carrys Oxygen to all body tissues
42
What type of blood cells help tp fight infection
White Blood Cells
43
How many muscles are in the human body
650 Muscles
44
What are muscles composed of
Specialized Cells called Muscle Fiber
45
What are the three types of muscles
Skeletal, Smooth and Cardiac
46
What are skeletal muscles responsible for
Gross, Fine and Reflexive movement
47
What hold your bones together
Skeletal Muscle
48
What muscle produces rhythmic contractions that propel food through the GI tract
Smooth muscle
49
What does cardiac muscle do
Contracts the heart and sends blood throughout the body
50
What do smooth muscle in the walls of your blood vesels do
Alter the diameter depending on the situation
51
When the bodys temperature is low what does the smooth muscle do
Contricts to Converse Heart
52
What is the body temperature like when the smooth muscle relaxes
Body temperature is high
53
What is the nervous system composed of
Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves and Sensory Organs
54
What is the major controlling, regulatory and communicating system in the body
Nervous System
55
What are the functions of the nervous system
Sensory Input, Integration and Motor Response
56
What is sensory input
Sensory receptors monitor changes and gathers info
57
What nervous system is in charge of integration
Central Nervous System
58
What system includes the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries and blood
Cardiovascular / Circulatory System
59
What is the cardiovascular systems main function
To transport oxygen rich blood to the body tissues and remove carbon dioxide from these tissues
60
What system delivers nutrients to body cells and removes any metabolic waste products to bring to the liver, kidneys or lungs for elimination
Cardiovascular System
61
Serves as a "highway" for white blood cells to patrol the body in search for invading germs
Cardiovascular System
62
What are the two components of the respiratory tract
Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract
63
What does the upper respiratory tract consist of
Nose, Mouth, Pharnyx and Larnyx
64
What does the lower respiratory tract consist of
Trachea, Bronchi and Bronchioles, Alveoli and Lungs
65
What are three major accessory organs for the digestive system
Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas
66
What system converts food into essential nutrients that are absorbed and delivered through out the body
Digestive System
67
What does the digestive system eliminate
Unused material as waste
68
What is the urinary system composed of
Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder and Urethra
69
What region is the gallbladder located in
Right Hypochondriac
70
What region is the spleen located in
Left Hypochondriac
71
What organ is located in the epigastric and umbilical region
Pancreas
72
What regions is the stomach located in
Umbilical, Epigastric and Left Hypochondriac Region
73
What organ is located in the right hypochondriac as well as epigastric, left hypochondriac and right lumbar
Liver
74
What system maintains the volume and composition of body fluids
Urinary System
75
What system helps regulate blood pressure and the pH of blood
Urinary System
76
What are the primary reproductive organs
Ovaries and Testes, Uterus and Penis
77
What system helps rid the body of toxins and waste
Lymphatic System
78
The three primary functions of the lymphatic system is
Transports lymph, returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood and absorbs fats and vitamins from the digestive system
79
What does the integumentary system consist of
Skin, Hair, Nails and Exocrine Glands
80
What system assists in maintaining homeostasis by regulating body temperature and water balance
Integumentary System
81
What are the two major categories of glands in the body
Exocrine and Endocrine Glands
82
What system functions in the regulation of body activities through chemical messengers known as hormones
Endocrine System
83
What do hormones influence
Growth, Development and Metabolism
84
Glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface or into a lumen by way of duct is
Exocrine Glands
85
Glands that secrete their products directly into the blood (rather than through a duct)
Endocrine Glands
86
What is the superior border of the abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
87
What is the inferior border of the abdominal cavity
Pelvic Brim (Linea Terminalis)
88
What level is the diaphragm
Fifth intercostal space
89
What of the diaphragm extend down to the upper lumbar vertebrae
Crus (Tendons)
90
What are the three structures that pass through openings from the thoracic cavity into the abdominal cavity
Aorta, IVC, Esophagus
91
What is the line from sacral promontory following around line to symphysis pubis
Pelvic Brim (Linea Alba)
92
What part of the body has no bony reinforcements or protection
Abdomen
93
How many muscle pairs does the anterolateral abdominal wall consist of
Four
94
What two muscle groups does the posterior abdominal wall consist of
Psoas Major and Quadratus Lumborum
95
What artery is the mid-inguinal point
Femoral Artery
96
What muscle forms the inguinal ligament
Inferior border of the External Oblique
97
Osseous components of the abdomen
Lumbar Vertebrae
98
Layer of flat broad tendons that joins muscles and the body parts muscles act upon
Aponeurosis
99
What region has the thickest aponeuroses
Ventral Abdominal Region
100
What are the core muscles
External and Internal Oblique, Transverse and Rectus Abdominus, Psoas Majors, Quadrants Lumborum, Erector Spinae
101
What is the outermost layer of muscle that originates from the ribs
External Oblique
102
What muscle extends downward and medially
External Oblique
103
The inferior margin of the external oblique forms what
Inguinal Ligament
104
What layer is the internal oblique
Middle Layer
105
What muscle extends upward and medially
Internal Oblique
106
What is the innermost of the flat abdominal muscles
Transverse Abdominus
107
Where does the transverse abdominus originate from
Costal Margin, Lumbar Fascia, Anterior 2/3rds of Iliac Crest and lateral half of Inguinal Ligament
108
Where does the internal oblique originate
From the Iliac Crest to the inferior border of the Ribs and the Aponeurosis on the later portion of the Rectus Abdominus
109
Where does the external oblique insert
On the anterior side of the Rectus Abdominus, Aponeurosis, Iliac Crest and Pubic Tubercle
110
What muscle inserts on the aponeurosis of the posterior rectus sheath
Transverse Abdominus
111
What muscle is long and vertical and is anteriorly on each side of the central linea alba
Rectus Abdominus
112
Where does the rectus abdominus extend from
From the Xiphoid Process into the symphysis pubis
113
Fibrous structure running down the midline from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis
Linea Alba
114
What does the linea alba separate
Left and Right Rectus Abdominus Muscles
115
What muscle passes along anterior to the iliac crest of the pelvis and inserts the lesser trochanter of the femur
Psoas Major
116
What muscle appears as large masses adjacent to the lumbar vertebral body in transverse section
Psoas Major
117
A thick muscular sheet
Quadratus Lumborum
118
Where does the Quadratus Lumborum originate
Iliac Crest and Transverse Processes of L1-L4
119
Where muscle inserts on the inferior border of the twelfth rib
Quadratus Lumborum
120
In transverse they appear lateral and posterior to the psoas major muscles
Quadratus Lumborum
121
Transpyloric
L1
122
Subcostal
L3
123
Transumbilical
Between L3 and L4
124
Interiliac
L4
125
Transtubercular
L5
