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Cross Sectional Anatomy > Cross Sectional > Flashcards

Cross Sectional Flashcards

1
Q

Another term for inferior

A

Caudal

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2
Q

A vertical plane running from side to side

A

Coronal / Frontal

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3
Q

A vertical plane running from front to back

A

Sagittal

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4
Q

Smaller of the two closed cavities

A

Dorsal Cavity

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5
Q

Subdivided into cranial and spinal cavity

A

Dorsal Cavity

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6
Q

Cavity that contains the brain

A

Cranial Cavity

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7
Q

Cavity that contains the spinal cord

A

Spinal Cavity

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8
Q

Largest of the closed cavities

A

Ventral Cavity

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9
Q

The two cavities subdivided from the ventral cavity

A

Thoracic Cavity (Superiorly) and Abdominopelvic Cavity (Inferiorly)

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10
Q

Cavity that contains the visceral organs

A

Ventral Cavity

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11
Q

Most anterior body cavity

A

Ventral Cavity

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12
Q

What is the ventral cavity subdivided by

A

Diaphragm

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13
Q

What does the abdominopelvic cavity further divide into

A

Abdominal Cavity and Pelvic Cavity

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14
Q

What cavity contains the pancreas, stomach, spleen and intestines

A

Abdominal Cavity

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15
Q

What cavity contains the urinary bladder, rectum and reproductive organs

A

Pelvic Cavity

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16
Q

What is the thoracic cavity divided into

A

Right and Left Plural Cavities and Mediastinal Cavity

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17
Q

What organs does the plural cavity contain

A

The Lungs

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18
Q

What does the mediastinal cavity contain

A

The Pericardial Cavity (encloses the heart) as well as the Esophagus, Trachea and Great Vessels

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19
Q

What are the two types of connective tissue membrans

A

Meninges and Synovial Membrane

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20
Q

What do meninges cover

A

The Brain and Spinal Cord

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21
Q

What do synovial membrane line

A

Joint Cavities

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22
Q

What are the three types of epithelial membrane

A

Cutaneous, Mucous and Serous Membrane

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23
Q

What type of epithelial membrane contains skin and is dry

A

Cutaneous Membrane

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24
Q

What membrane is moist

A

Mucous Membrane

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25
Q

What cavitys does the mucous membrane line

A

All cavities that are open to the exterior

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26
Q

What membrane lines the cavities that are closed to the exterior

A

Serous Membrane

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27
Q

What membrane occurs in pairs

A

Serous Membrane

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28
Q

Serous membrane reduce what

A

Friction

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29
Q

What is the serous membrane called in the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Peritoneum

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30
Q

What peritoneum lines the wall of cavity

A

Pariteal

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31
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum cover

A

Organs

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32
Q

What are the eleven major organ systems

A

Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive, Endocrine, Lymphatic and Integumentary

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33
Q

How many bones make up the skeletal system

A

206 Bones

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34
Q

What are the two portions that make up the body

A

Axial and Appendicular

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35
Q

What portion of the body includes the skull, spine, ribs and sternum

A

Axial

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36
Q

What does the appendicular portion of the body include

A

Shoulder, Hip Girdles, Arms and Legs

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37
Q

What are the five functions of the skeletal system

A

Shape, Support, Movement, Protection and Blood Cell Protection

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38
Q

What characteristics does the shape of the body determine

A

Height and Size of Hands and Feet

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39
Q

What function of the body holds the organs in place

A

Support

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40
Q

What function of the body surrounds the organs with bone

A

Protection

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41
Q

What does bone marrow do

A

Produces Red Blood Cells and carrys Oxygen to all body tissues

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42
Q

What type of blood cells help tp fight infection

A

White Blood Cells

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43
Q

How many muscles are in the human body

A

650 Muscles

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44
Q

What are muscles composed of

A

Specialized Cells called Muscle Fiber

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45
Q

What are the three types of muscles

A

Skeletal, Smooth and Cardiac

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46
Q

What are skeletal muscles responsible for

A

Gross, Fine and Reflexive movement

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47
Q

What hold your bones together

A

Skeletal Muscle

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48
Q

What muscle produces rhythmic contractions that propel food through the GI tract

A

Smooth muscle

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49
Q

What does cardiac muscle do

A

Contracts the heart and sends blood throughout the body

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50
Q

What do smooth muscle in the walls of your blood vesels do

A

Alter the diameter depending on the situation

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51
Q

When the bodys temperature is low what does the smooth muscle do

A

Contricts to Converse Heart

52
Q

What is the body temperature like when the smooth muscle relaxes

A

Body temperature is high

53
Q

What is the nervous system composed of

A

Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves and Sensory Organs

54
Q

What is the major controlling, regulatory and communicating system in the body

A

Nervous System

55
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system

A

Sensory Input, Integration and Motor Response

56
Q

What is sensory input

A

Sensory receptors monitor changes and gathers info

57
Q

What nervous system is in charge of integration

A

Central Nervous System

58
Q

What system includes the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries and blood

A

Cardiovascular / Circulatory System

59
Q

What is the cardiovascular systems main function

A

To transport oxygen rich blood to the body tissues and remove carbon dioxide from these tissues

60
Q

What system delivers nutrients to body cells and removes any metabolic waste products to bring to the liver, kidneys or lungs for elimination

A

Cardiovascular System

61
Q

Serves as a “highway” for white blood cells to patrol the body in search for invading germs

A

Cardiovascular System

62
Q

What are the two components of the respiratory tract

A

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract

63
Q

What does the upper respiratory tract consist of

A

Nose, Mouth, Pharnyx and Larnyx

64
Q

What does the lower respiratory tract consist of

A

Trachea, Bronchi and Bronchioles, Alveoli and Lungs

65
Q

What are three major accessory organs for the digestive system

A

Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas

66
Q

What system converts food into essential nutrients that are absorbed and delivered through out the body

A

Digestive System

67
Q

What does the digestive system eliminate

A

Unused material as waste

68
Q

What is the urinary system composed of

A

Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder and Urethra

69
Q

What region is the gallbladder located in

A

Right Hypochondriac

70
Q

What region is the spleen located in

A

Left Hypochondriac

71
Q

What organ is located in the epigastric and umbilical region

A

Pancreas

72
Q

What regions is the stomach located in

A

Umbilical, Epigastric and Left Hypochondriac Region

73
Q

What organ is located in the right hypochondriac as well as epigastric, left hypochondriac and right lumbar

A

Liver

74
Q

What system maintains the volume and composition of body fluids

A

Urinary System

75
Q

What system helps regulate blood pressure and the pH of blood

A

Urinary System

76
Q

What are the primary reproductive organs

A

Ovaries and Testes, Uterus and Penis

77
Q

What system helps rid the body of toxins and waste

A

Lymphatic System

78
Q

The three primary functions of the lymphatic system is

A

Transports lymph, returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood and absorbs fats and vitamins from the digestive system

79
Q

What does the integumentary system consist of

A

Skin, Hair, Nails and Exocrine Glands

80
Q

What system assists in maintaining homeostasis by regulating body temperature and water balance

A

Integumentary System

81
Q

What are the two major categories of glands in the body

A

Exocrine and Endocrine Glands

82
Q

What system functions in the regulation of body activities through chemical messengers known as hormones

A

Endocrine System

83
Q

What do hormones influence

A

Growth, Development and Metabolism

84
Q

Glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface or into a lumen by way of duct is

A

Exocrine Glands

85
Q

Glands that secrete their products directly into the blood (rather than through a duct)

A

Endocrine Glands

86
Q

What is the superior border of the abdominal cavity

A

Diaphragm

87
Q

What is the inferior border of the abdominal cavity

A

Pelvic Brim (Linea Terminalis)

88
Q

What level is the diaphragm

A

Fifth intercostal space

89
Q

What of the diaphragm extend down to the upper lumbar vertebrae

A

Crus (Tendons)

90
Q

What are the three structures that pass through openings from the thoracic cavity into the abdominal cavity

A

Aorta, IVC, Esophagus

91
Q

What is the line from sacral promontory following around line to symphysis pubis

A

Pelvic Brim (Linea Alba)

92
Q

What part of the body has no bony reinforcements or protection

A

Abdomen

93
Q

How many muscle pairs does the anterolateral abdominal wall consist of

A

Four

94
Q

What two muscle groups does the posterior abdominal wall consist of

A

Psoas Major and Quadratus Lumborum

95
Q

What artery is the mid-inguinal point

A

Femoral Artery

96
Q

What muscle forms the inguinal ligament

A

Inferior border of the External Oblique

97
Q

Osseous components of the abdomen

A

Lumbar Vertebrae

98
Q

Layer of flat broad tendons that joins muscles and the body parts muscles act upon

A

Aponeurosis

99
Q

What region has the thickest aponeuroses

A

Ventral Abdominal Region

100
Q

What are the core muscles

A

External and Internal Oblique, Transverse and Rectus Abdominus, Psoas Majors, Quadrants Lumborum, Erector Spinae

101
Q

What is the outermost layer of muscle that originates from the ribs

A

External Oblique

102
Q

What muscle extends downward and medially

A

External Oblique

103
Q

The inferior margin of the external oblique forms what

A

Inguinal Ligament

104
Q

What layer is the internal oblique

A

Middle Layer

105
Q

What muscle extends upward and medially

A

Internal Oblique

106
Q

What is the innermost of the flat abdominal muscles

A

Transverse Abdominus

107
Q

Where does the transverse abdominus originate from

A

Costal Margin, Lumbar Fascia, Anterior 2/3rds of Iliac Crest and lateral half of Inguinal Ligament

108
Q

Where does the internal oblique originate

A

From the Iliac Crest to the inferior border of the Ribs and the Aponeurosis on the later portion of the Rectus Abdominus

109
Q

Where does the external oblique insert

A

On the anterior side of the Rectus Abdominus, Aponeurosis, Iliac Crest and Pubic Tubercle

110
Q

What muscle inserts on the aponeurosis of the posterior rectus sheath

A

Transverse Abdominus

111
Q

What muscle is long and vertical and is anteriorly on each side of the central linea alba

A

Rectus Abdominus

112
Q

Where does the rectus abdominus extend from

A

From the Xiphoid Process into the symphysis pubis

113
Q

Fibrous structure running down the midline from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

A

Linea Alba

114
Q

What does the linea alba separate

A

Left and Right Rectus Abdominus Muscles

115
Q

What muscle passes along anterior to the iliac crest of the pelvis and inserts the lesser trochanter of the femur

A

Psoas Major

116
Q

What muscle appears as large masses adjacent to the lumbar vertebral body in transverse section

A

Psoas Major

117
Q

A thick muscular sheet

A

Quadratus Lumborum

118
Q

Where does the Quadratus Lumborum originate

A

Iliac Crest and Transverse Processes of L1-L4

119
Q

Where muscle inserts on the inferior border of the twelfth rib

A

Quadratus Lumborum

120
Q

In transverse they appear lateral and posterior to the psoas major muscles

A

Quadratus Lumborum

121
Q

Transpyloric

A

L1

122
Q

Subcostal

A

L3

123
Q

Transumbilical

A

Between L3 and L4

124
Q

Interiliac

A

L4

125
Q

Transtubercular

A

L5

Cross Sectional Anatomy (1 decks)

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