Cross-Section Studies Flashcards
What kind of study is a cross sectional study?
Observational
Cross-sectional studies _______ and _______ at the same time
capture health/disease
exposure statuses
What are cross-sectional studies also known as ?
prevalence study
A cross sectional study does not have regard to what?
Exposure or disease/outcome status
A cross-sectional study is a ______ in time of all elements
Snap-Shot
What kind of study represents what is occurring at a point in time or time-frame across a large population?
Cross-Sectional
Cross-sectional studies seek ______ not ______
- Association
2. Causation
Cross-sectional studies focus simultaneously on disease and population characteristics, including?
- exposures
- Health status
- Health-care utilization
etc
Large-scale national surveys or databases are what kind of studies?
cross-sectional
What are the two cross-sectional approaches?
- collect data on each member of the population
2. Take a sample of the population and draw inferences to the remainder (Generalizable)
What are two common approaches to collecting data in cross-sectional studies?
- Questionnaires/surveys
2. Physical assessments
What are the five listed strengths of cross-sectional studies?
- Quicker and easier when using data already collected
- Less expensive for researcher than any form of prospective study
- Can be analyzed like a case-control or cohort study
- Useful for estimating prevalence rates
- Useful for answering research questions about a myriad of exposures and disease using same data.
What are the four listed weaknesses of a cross sectional study?
- Prevalent cases may represent survivors
- Difficult to study diseases of low frequency
- Unable to generate Incidence rates
- Problems in determining temporal relationship of presumed cause and effect
What is NHANES?
cross-sectional study that assesses the health and nutritional status of adults and children using interviews and physical examinations
What is NHIS?
Cross-sectional study that assess he health of the civilian, non-institutionalized population
Personal household interview
What is NAMCS?
A cross-sectional study that meets the need for objective, reliable information about the use of ambulatory medical care services in the US.
National survey, Randomly selects community, office, weeks of the month
What is the NHCS?
Cross-sectional national survey designed to describe national patters of healthcare delivery in non-federal hospital-based settings.
Intigrates NHDS, NHAMCS, and DAWN
What is BRFSS
A cross-sectional telephone health survey that collects info on health risk behaviors, preventative health practices, and health care access.
Youth BRFSS done via schools.
