Cross-Section Studies

Question 1

What kind of study is a cross sectional study?

Answer 1

Observational

Question 2

Cross-sectional studies _______ and _______ at the same time

Answer 2

capture health/disease

exposure statuses

Question 3

What are cross-sectional studies also known as ?

Answer 3

prevalence study

Question 4

A cross sectional study does not have regard to what?

Answer 4

Exposure or disease/outcome status

Question 5

A cross-sectional study is a ______ in time of all elements

Answer 5

Snap-Shot

Question 6

What kind of study represents what is occurring at a point in time or time-frame across a large population?

Answer 6

Cross-Sectional

Question 7

Cross-sectional studies seek ______ not ______

Answer 7

1. Association

2. Causation

Question 8

Cross-sectional studies focus simultaneously on disease and population characteristics, including?

Answer 8

1. exposures
2. Health status
3. Health-care utilization
   etc

Question 9

Large-scale national surveys or databases are what kind of studies?

Answer 9

cross-sectional

Question 10

What are the two cross-sectional approaches?

Answer 10

1. collect data on each member of the population

2. Take a sample of the population and draw inferences to the remainder (Generalizable)

Question 11

What are two common approaches to collecting data in cross-sectional studies?

Answer 11

1. Questionnaires/surveys

2. Physical assessments

Question 12

What are the five listed strengths of cross-sectional studies?

Answer 12

1. Quicker and easier when using data already collected
2. Less expensive for researcher than any form of prospective study
3. Can be analyzed like a case-control or cohort study
4. Useful for estimating prevalence rates
5. Useful for answering research questions about a myriad of exposures and disease using same data.

Question 13

What are the four listed weaknesses of a cross sectional study?

Answer 13

1. Prevalent cases may represent survivors
2. Difficult to study diseases of low frequency
3. Unable to generate Incidence rates
4. Problems in determining temporal relationship of presumed cause and effect

Question 14

What is NHANES?

Answer 14

cross-sectional study that assesses the health and nutritional status of adults and children using interviews and physical examinations

Question 15

What is NHIS?

Answer 15

Cross-sectional study that assess he health of the civilian, non-institutionalized population
Personal household interview

Question 16

What is NAMCS?

Answer 16

A cross-sectional study that meets the need for objective, reliable information about the use of ambulatory medical care services in the US.
National survey, Randomly selects community, office, weeks of the month

Question 17

What is the NHCS?

Answer 17

Cross-sectional national survey designed to describe national patters of healthcare delivery in non-federal hospital-based settings.
Intigrates NHDS, NHAMCS, and DAWN

Question 18

What is BRFSS

Answer 18

A cross-sectional telephone health survey that collects info on health risk behaviors, preventative health practices, and health care access.
Youth BRFSS done via schools.