Cross Infection Control Exam Flashcards
What is gained by a vaccination
Acquired
What is the sequence of PPE removal
Gloves, apron, visor/goggles, mask
Inhalation, ingestion and inoculation are all routes of entry for infection, which is the fourth one
Bodily fluids
Indirect cross infection is caused by
Transfer of infection from person, to equipment, to person
Direct cross infection is caused by
Transfer of infection from person to person
Which bacteria causes skin and gum boils
Staphylococci
Which bacteria would you find in ANUG
Bacillus fusiform
Some dental products are sterilised industrially using
Exposure to gamma rays
Bacillus fusiformis bacteria are
Rod shaped
Chicken pox is caused by
Herpes varicella
All impressions that are sent to the lab must be
Immersed in sodium hypochlorite
Legal obligations associated with injury following an accident at the dental surgery are covered by
RIDDOR
Why must alcohol based wipes not be used on metal items or instruments
Binds blood to metal
Which sterilisation method is used to sterilise pre-packed items such as needles and sutures
Radiation
What shape is bacilli
Rod
What is the correct cycle of a washer/disinfector
Flush, wash, rinse, thermal disinfect, dry
How should instruments to be sterilised in the autoclave be set out on the tray
Laid in a single layer on perforated trays
Which of the following cannot be destroyed by normal methods of sterilisation
Prion protein
Following a sharps injury, if the source patient is known to be or suspected as having HIV, or is a Hep C carrier, emergency anti-viral treatment must commence within how long of the injury
60 minutes
How long would you carry out a social hand wash for
10-15 seconds
What is the current expiry date for packaged items
1year
Where would you use a red coloured coded mop
Bathroom
Where would you use a green colour coded mop
Kitchen
Where would you use a blue colour coded mop
Waiting area
What is a type of microscopic plant organism that grows across cells and tissues
Fungi
What are the signs and symptoms of inflammation
Heat, swelling, redness, pain, loss of function
Ultrasonic baths are used to
Remove debris particles before autoclaving
The transfer of pathogenic micro-organisms from one person to another is known as
Cross infection
For how long should dental unit water lines be flushed for at the beginning and end of the session
2 minutes
What first action would you take if you suffered a sharps injury
Stop, bleed under running water
How is Hep B commonly transmitted
Bodily fluids
Which micro-organism is responsible for angular chelitis
Candida Albicans
“Kills all living pathogenic micro-organisms to produce asepsis” is a definition of what term
Sterilisation
What colour do TST strips turn to confirm sterilisation
Purple
How often must you change your uniform
Daily
What is the most effective method of pre-sterilisation
Washer/disinfector
Where would you dispose of a suction tip
Infectious hazardous waste
What type of wipe would you use to decontaminate your surgery surfaces
Anti-microbial no alcohol surface disinfectant wipes
What type of mouthwash may be prescribed to a patient to treat an infection
Chlorhexadine
What is used to keep the bearings in a hand piece from rusting
Lubricant
Exposure to which of the following can be monitored by a unrine sample
Mercury
Which technique is an adequate control of the release of mercury vapour during dental procedures
High speed aspiration
In the first months of life, a baby may develop resistance to specific micro-organisms, what describes this condition
Passive
What is the definition of disinfection
The killing /destruction of bacteria and fungi, but not spores nor some viruses
Surgical hand washing techniques must be carried out for a minimum of
2 minutes
To ensure that all persons understand the nature of ta chemical risk, a pictogram symbol is used, a skull and cross bone signifies which risk
Toxic
Which of the following classifications can be safely tackled with a water fire extinguisher
Class A fire
A pa Trent falls and fractures a long bone, which of the following regulations will be followed, in relation to determining the fall
RIDDOR
Which of the following is an example of an infection not caused by a micro-organisms
Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease
Which of the following diseases is a blood borne virus that can be spread via needle stick injuries, and increase the chances of those affected of liver cancer
Hepatitis B
Which of the following is an optional requirement of the decontamination room
Washer/disinfector
Which of the following options is the most likely method of reducing the cross infection risk to zero
Use of disposables
Which of the following items of PPE is the most efficient at preventing aerosol inhalation
Face mask
How are surgical swabs sterilised
Gamma radiation and packaged
If there was a major cross infection incident in the surgery, who would it be reported to
RIDDOR
Universal precautions imply
Have a written procedure for infection control
What does asepsis imply
Eliminates all visible pathogens
Which of the following would actions would you carry out at the end of the patients treatment
Remove disposable barriers
Bleach based disinfectants can be used to disinfect which of the following
Dental impressions
Why are dental nurses given a full course of immunisations
For long term immunity
Which of the following infectious conditions is more likely to be caused by direct cross infection
Herpes simplex
Under best practice guidelines, dental equipment such as chairs and light controls that cannot be moved should
Protective barriers placed
Non pathogenic micro-organisms cause
Nothing
What is a feature of bacteria
Capable of producing spores
How should you wear uniform to prevent cross infection
Wear only in practice
When is a post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) vaccine given
After a dirty sharps injury from a patient with HIV
When would an apron for protection be worn
When changing x-ray chemicals
How far should a sharps bin be filled to
Two thirds full
What would you use to handle an x-ray film packet before processing
Isopropyl alcohol wipes
Sterilisation is the destruction of which of the following
Bacteria, fungi, spores, viruses
When would you inspect decontaminated equipment
After every use
Standard precautions imply which of the following should be carried out
Hand washing
Which act does a “duty of care” for dental staff come under
Health and Safety at Work Act
Which hand washing technique would be carried out before a complex oral procedure
Aseptic surgical hand wash
Where would you dispose of a used blade
Yellow lidded bin
If a patient presented with a cold sore and needed to be treated, what action could be taken
See them at the end of the day
How would non digital x-ray holders be cleaned
Sterilised
What is the effect of HIV on the human body
Reduced immunity
How many years minimum should you keep validation records for
2 years
What is the most important item of PPE listed below
Apron
How do you effectively clean the dirty area
Use detergent then disinfect
Where do the bacteria legionella contaminate in the surgery
Water supply
What is the main chemical found in surface disinfectant wipes
Sodium hypochlorite
What conditions are favourable for bacteria to grow
Warm and moist
Who is required to comply with standard precautions in the dental setting
All dental personal
Where unwrapped instruments are to be used in the same day in clinical areas, they should be stored and covered to protect from contamination by aerosols in clean and dry conditions until used. When should these instruments be reprocessed if not used in this time scale
Within that same day
Dental practices can store un-pouched instruments in an unused clinical area. This can be either an unused surgery or the clean side of a decontamination room, how long can instruments be stored for in this way before being reprocessed
1 week
Why do we test and ultrasonic bath
To check for ultrasonic activity
When would you run a test cycle on an autoclave
Before the first cycle
What shape is Treponema Vincenti
Spiral shaped
Which micro-organisms are associated with ANUG
Treponema Vincenti and Bacillus fusiform
How would you test an autoclave is reaching its optimum temperature in the morning test cycle
Empty load with a TST strip
What is the most effective way of removing debris from instruments
Washer/disinfector
What is the most common cause of cross infection
Ineffective hand washing
After a surgical procedure, what is recommended to be used to flush through the dental unit water line
Saline
How long would you carry out a social hand wash for
15-20 seconds
Isopharm - 15-30 seconds
Where would you use a red coloured coded mop
Bathroom
Where would you use a green colour coded mop
Kitchen
Where would you use a blue colour coded mop
Waiting area
What shape is cocci
Round
Standard precautions imply that
All patients must be considered as a cross infection risk
A micro-organism capable of causing disease is described as
Pathogenic
What does PPE stand for
Personal protective equipment
What is the optimum temperature and pressure for an autoclave
134 degrees 2.25 bar
Which areas would you use a yellow mop in the practice
Clinical areas
Which of the following is recommended for clinical hand hygiene washing
Antimicrobial liquid soap
Which act is concerned with the disposals of waste
Environmental protection act
What antibiotic is used for the treatment of ANUG
Metronidazole
Which hepatitis is there currently not an immunisation for
Hep C
A cold sore is also known as which virus
Herpes simplex
A spillage of blood/urine/bodily fluid should be dealt with which substance
Sodium hypochlorite
Name the name of the fungus responsible for denture stomatitis and angular chelitis
Candida Albicans
Immunisations initiate the body to produce
Antibodies
What does COSHH stand for
Control of substances hazardous to health
If a sterile pack of gauze becomes damp in storage it should be
Discarded
What is the term for a person who has no symptoms of a disease but may pass it on to another person
Carrier
What is the bacteria which initiates dental caries called
Streptococcus mutans
The antiviral agent “aciclovir” may be prescribed by a dentist in the treatment of which condition
Herpes simplex
An N type autoclave produces steam and a wet load, true or false
True
B and S type autoclave produce a wet load, true or false
False
For how long should dental unit water lines be flushed for between patients
20-30 seconds
How often should a patients medical history be checked
Every patient visit
An effective measure in preventing the spread of infectious disease is
Wearing gloves
Following the third inoculation for Hep B, a blood sample is taken to check
Titre levels
The most common bacterial infection detected in the mouth of adult patients is
Dental caries
What is an N type autoclave
Steam
Suitable for unwrapped solid items laid in single layer per tray
After cycle ends instruments will be dried before they are pouched
What is a B type autoclave
Vacuum and uses air and it is suitable to sterilise inside of hollow and wrapped items
Air is sucked out the chamber so steam contacts all instruments as it is sucked through
What is an S type autoclave
Vacuum and can sterilise packaged items
What is bacteria
Microscopic single cell organism that survive as inactive spores when conditions are not favourable for them to grow and reproduce
What is fungi
Type of microscopic plant organism that grows across cells and tissues as an extensive branching network of fungal tissue
What is a virus
A type of ultramiscopic organism that lives within cells of other organisms such as humans
What are prions
Not a micro organism a special type of infectious protein that is capable of causing disease
What shape is cocci
Round
What shape is bacilli
Rod
What shape is spirochate
Spiral
Steprotococcus mutans
Circular living in chains
Initiates caries
Lactobacilli
Rod shaped with rounded ends
Found in established caries
Staphylococci
Causes skin and gingival boils
Circular colonies living in clusters
Bascillus fusiformis
Found in ANUG a specific periodontal condition which is often seen in young adults with poor oral hygiene
Rod shaped with pointed ends
Borrelia vincenti
Found in ANUG Spiral shaped (spirocate)
Acitinomyces
Rod shaped
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Rod shaped
Treponema denticola
Rod shaped
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Rod shaped
Campylobacter retus
Vary from spiral to rod or curved in shape
Hep B
Transmitted by blood or other bodily fluids
Affects the liver, causing inflammation and symptoms such as headaches, fever and jaundice
Hep C
Transmitted via blood to blood contact
This strain of the virus has a high mortality rate and there is no vaccination available
HIV
Transmitted mainly be contact with blood containing the virus. The body’s natural defence mechanism is seriously impaired and patients succumb to infections. The virus will lead to AIDS and there is no vaccination
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
Caused by abnormal pieces of protein called prions
They damage cells of the nervous system, forming holes in the tissue which will eventually lead to severe brain damage and death
Single items must be used
what is HTM 01
Decontamination
What is HTM 02
Medical gases
What is HTM 03
Heating and ventilation systems
What is HTM 04
Water systems
What is HTM 05
Fire safety
What type of autoclave would a TST strip be used on
N and B
What type of autoclave would a helix or Bowie dick test be used on
B
