Crop Production and Management Flashcards
In order to provide food for a large population we need _________
- Regular production
- Proper management
- Distribution
How was Agriculture introduced or born ?
Till 10,1000 B.C.E. people were nomadic. They were wandering from place to place in search of food and shelter. They ate raw fruits and vegetables and hunted animals for food. Later they found that they could cultivate land and produce crops like rice, wheat etc.
This is how agriculture was born
What is crop ?
When plants of the same kind are cultivated in one place on a large scale is called a crop
What is Kharif Crops?
The crops which are grown in the rainy season
Name a few kharif crops.
paddy, maize, groundnut, cotton, soyabean
What is rabi crops
The crops that are grown in winter season
Name few rabi crops
linseed, pea, mustard, wheat, gram
Why paddy cannot be grown in the rainy season
Paddy requires lot of water
What are the agriculture practice
- Preparation of soil
- Sowing
- Adding manure and fertilisers
- Irrigation
- Protecting from weeds
- Harvesting
- Storage
Why do we need to loosen the soil
We are loosening the soil because:-
- this allows roots to penetrate deep inside into the soil
- It also helps to allow the root to breathe easily
- It helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes
- Brings the nutrient-rich soil to the top so that plants can use these nutrients
___________________ is the first step before growing the soil
Preparation of soil
the process of loosening and turning of the soil is called ___________ or ____________ .
tilling or ploughing
_____________ the field is beneficial for sowing and irrigation
Levelling
Levelling is done by _______
leveller
What are the three main tools used for ploughing ?
Plough, hoe, cultivator
Which tool was used since ancient times for tilling the soil
Plough
Plough contains a triangular iron strip called ?
ploughshare
What is the main part of the plough
plough shaft ( a long log of wood)
PLOUGHSHAFT ?
it is a long log of wood
there is a handle at one end of the shaft
the other end is attached to beam which is placed on bull’s neck
Describe how hoe works like.
a strong, broad, and bent plate of iron is fixed to one of its ends and works like a blade. It is pulled by animals
Before sowing what should be done
Before sowing, we need to check whether they are good, clean, and healthy seed
Is damaged seed lighter or heavier
lighter
Explain how the traditional tool of sowing works.
-It is shaped like a funnel
-The seeds are filled into the funnel
-Then the seeds passed down through two or three pipes
-These pipes have sharp ends
-These sharp-end pierce into the soil and place seeds there
Why is sowing important
Because sowing helps to get sufficient sunlight, nutrients and water from the soil
What is manure and fertilizers ?
The substances which are added to the soil in the form of nutrients for healthy growing plants are called manure and fertilizers
What is manuring?
The process of adding manure to soil to replenish is called manuring
What is manure ?
Manure is an organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plants and animal waste
Name few fertilizers
urea
NPK (Nitrogen Phosphorous Potassium )
ammonium sulphate
potash
super phosphate
Name some disadvantaged of fertilisers
- if we use excessive amounts of fertilizers, the soil will become less fertile
- it became a source of water pollution
What is crop rotation ?
Cultivating the different crops alternately
Differentiate between manure and fertilizers
- Fertiliser is man-made organic whereas, manure is a natural substance
- Fertiliser is prepared in factories whereas, manure is prepared in the fields
3, Fertilizer does not provide any humus to the soil whereas, manure provides a lot of humus to the soil - Fertilisers are very rich in plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium whereas, manure is less rich in plant nutrients
Write some Advantages of Manure.
- It enhances the water-holding capacity of the soil
- It makes the soil porous due to which the exchange of gasses becomes easy
- It increases the number of friendly microbes
- It improves the texture of the soil
Water protects the crop from _______ and ________ currents
frost and hot air currents
Define irrigation
The supply of water to the plants at regular intervals is called irrigation
Name some sourced of irrigation
tubewells, wells, ponds, lakes, rivers, dams and canals
What are the two methods of irrigation
- Sprinkler system
- Drip system
Write some points about Sprinkler systems
- This system is more useful on even land where sufficient water is not available
- The perpendicular pipes, having rotating nozzles on top are joined to the main pipe
- When water is allowed to pass through the main pipe under the pressure
It escapes from the rotating nozzle - Then it is sprinkled to plants
Write some points about the drip system
in this system, water falls drop by drop near the roots
