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Crop Production > Crop > Flashcards

Crop Flashcards

1
Q

What is maize cultivation?

A

An overview of key practices for successful maize cultivation.

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2
Q

What are the methods for weed management in maize cultivation?

A

Methods to control weeds, including pre-emergence, zero-tillage, and post-emergence techniques.

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3
Q

What are examples of pre-emergence herbicides for maize?

A

Atrazine @ 1.0-1.5 kg a.i/ha, Alachlor @ 2-2.5 kg a.i/ha, Metolachlor @ 1.5-2.0 kg a.i/ha, and Pendamethalin @ 1-1.5 kg a.i/ha.

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4
Q

What is recommended for zero-tillage weed control in maize?

A

Pre-plant application of Glyphosate @ 1.0 kg a.i/ha or Paraquat @ 0.5 kg a.i/ha is recommended.

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5
Q

What is the method for post-emergence weed control in maize under heavy weed infestation?

A

Apply Paraquat using hoods for a protected spray.

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6
Q

What is the water requirement for maize?

A

Maize requires 600-700 mm of water to complete the lifecycle of a 100-day crop.

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7
Q

How sensitive is maize to moisture?

A

Maize is sensitive to both deficit moisture and excessive moisture stress.

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8
Q

What are the critical moisture stages for maize?

A

Ensure optimum moisture availability between 45-65 days after sowing, especially during tasseling and silking.

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9
Q

What is the impact of low temperatures on delayed maize planting?

A

Low temperatures can reduce crop establishment and early growth. Transplanting helps mitigate this issue.

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10
Q

What is transplanting in intensive cropping systems?

A

An alternative for winter maize when fields are vacated in December-January. Requires 700 m² nursery area for 1 hectare.

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11
Q

When should the nursery for transplanting maize be raised?

A

Nursery should be raised in the second fortnight of November, and seedlings should be transplanted in December-January.

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12
Q

What are the methods for zero-till planting?

A

Zero-till planting using a seed-cum-fertilizer planter with a furrow opener helps conserve moisture and reduce cost.

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13
Q

What types of planters are best for zero-tillage in maize?

A

Zero-till planters with appropriate furrow openers based on soil texture are ideal.

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14
Q

What is flat planting used for in maize?

A

Flat planting with seed-cum-fertilizer planters is used where herbicide weed management in no-till is uneconomical.

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15
Q

What is furrow planting in maize?

A

Furrow planting is advised to prevent moisture loss during the spring season and ensure better growth.

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16
Q

What is the recommended planting direction for raised bed planting?

A

Planting on the southern side of east-west ridges ensures better germination and growth.

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17
Q

What are the advantages of raised bed planting in maize?

A

Raised bed planting is effective under both excess moisture and limited water availability conditions.

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18
Q

How much irrigation water can be saved with raised bed technology?

A

Raised bed technology can save 20-30% irrigation water and improve productivity.

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19
Q

What role do furrows play in raised bed planting?

A

Furrows act as drainage channels in excess water conditions to protect crops.

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20
Q

What are the benefits of permanent bed planting in maize?

A

Permanent beds ensure higher infiltration rates and save crops from temporary waterlogging.

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21
Q

What is the process for sowing in permanent beds?

A

Permanent beds allow for sowing in a single pass without preparatory tillage.

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22
Q

When should maize harvesting begin?

A

Harvest when the moisture content is around 20%. Look for black layer formation or pale brown husk color.

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23
Q

What are the methods for manual maize harvesting?

A

Cobs can be removed using a gunny needle or by hand. A combined harvester with a maize header can also be used.

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24
Q

What is the process for drying harvested maize?

A

Spread harvested cobs on a cemented or tarpaulin floor to reduce moisture content to 8%.

25
Q

What additional drying methods can be used in humid conditions?

A

Artificial drying methods, such as mechanical dryers, should be used to achieve the desired moisture content.

26
Q

What is the expected grain yield from maize?

A

The expected grain yield is 5 t/ha.

27
Q

What is the expected straw yield from maize?

A

The expected straw yield is 10 t/ha.

28
Q

What is the yield for baby corn from maize?

A

For baby corn, expect 6 t/ha of cob yield and 25 t/ha of green fodder yield.

29
Q

Question

A

Answer

30
Q

What are the key practices for successful maize cultivation?

A

Overview of key practices for successful maize cultivation.

31
Q

What are the methods to control weeds in maize cultivation?

A

Methods to control weeds in maize cultivation.

32
Q

What are the pre-emergence herbicides used in maize cultivation?

A

Application of Atrazine @ 1.0-1.5 kg a.i/ha, Alachlor @ 2-2.5 kg a.i/ha, Metolachlor @ 1.5-2.0 kg a.i/ha, or Pendamethalin @ 1-1.5 kg a.i/ha.

33
Q

What is recommended for weed control in zero tillage maize cultivation?

A

In zero tillage, pre-plant application of Glyphosate @ 1.0 kg a.i/ha or Paraquat @ 0.5 kg a.i/ha is recommended. Pre-plant application is effective in reducing weed pressure without disturbing the soil.

34
Q

What is recommended for post-emergence weed control under heavy weed infestation?

A

Under heavy weed infestation, Paraquat application using hoods for protected spray.

35
Q

What are the strategies for effective water management in maize cultivation?

A

Strategies for effective irrigation and moisture management in maize.

36
Q

Why is maize sensitive to moisture?

A

Maize is sensitive to both deficit moisture and excessive moisture stress.

37
Q

What are the critical moisture stages in maize cultivation?

A

Ensure optimum moisture availability between 45-65 days after sowing, especially during tasseling and silking. Moisture deficits during this stage affect kernel formation and final yield.

38
Q

What is the water requirement for maize cultivation?

A

Maize requires 600-700 mm of water to complete the lifecycle of a 100-day crop, with water needs increasing during flowering and grain filling stages.

39
Q

What is transplanting in intensive systems of maize cultivation?

A

Transplanting is an alternative for winter maize when fields are vacated in December-January. 700 m² nursery area required for 1 hectare.

40
Q

How does temperature affect delayed planting in maize cultivation?

A

Low temperatures during delayed planting can affect crop establishment. Use transplanting to address delayed planting to ensure proper root growth and establishment.

41
Q

What is zero-till planting in maize cultivation?

A

Zero-till planting using a seed-cum-fertilizer planter with a furrow opener helps conserve moisture and reduce cost by avoiding soil disturbance.

42
Q

What planter types are suitable for zero-till planting?

A

Choose a zero-till planter with an appropriate furrow opener based on soil texture for successful planting.

43
Q

What planting method is used for heavy weed infestation?

A

Flat planting with seed-cum-fertilizer planters is used where herbicide weed management in no-till is uneconomical, allowing better control over soil structure.

44
Q

What is furrow planting, and when is it advised?

A

Furrow planting is advised to prevent moisture loss during the spring season and ensure better growth by providing moisture conservation.

45
Q

What are the requirements for nursery management in maize cultivation?

A

700 m² nursery area is required for one hectare, with seedlings ready for transplanting after 30-40 days. Maintain optimal soil and moisture conditions for healthy seedlings.

46
Q

When should a maize nursery be raised for transplanting?

A

Nursery should be raised in the second fortnight of November, and seedlings should be transplanted in December-January to avoid frost damage and ensure proper root establishment.

47
Q

When should maize be harvested?

A

Harvest when the moisture content is around 20%. Look for black layer formation at the base of the kernel or pale brown husk color to indicate maturity.

48
Q

What are the methods for manual maize harvesting?

A

Cobs can be removed using a gunny needle or by hand. A combined harvester with a maize header can also be used for large-scale harvesting.

49
Q

How should harvested maize be dried?

A

Spread harvested cobs on a cemented or tarpaulin floor to reduce moisture content to 8%. Alternatively, use sun-drying or artificial drying methods in case of high humidity conditions.

50
Q

What is the expected grain yield of maize?

A

Expected grain yield is 5 t/ha under optimal conditions.

51
Q

What is the expected straw yield of maize?

A

Expected straw yield is 10 t/ha, often used for fodder or as organic matter in soil management.

52
Q

What is the expected baby corn yield of maize?

A

For baby corn, expect 6 t/ha of cob yield and 25 t/ha of green fodder yield, which is a high-value niche market.

53
Q

What are the advantages of raised bed planting in maize cultivation?

A

Raised bed planting is effective under both excess moisture and limited water availability conditions, ensuring proper drainage and better root development.

54
Q

What is the recommended planting direction for raised bed planting?

A

Planting should be done on the southern side of east-west ridges for better germination and sunlight exposure during the growing season.

55
Q

How does raised bed planting improve water efficiency?

A

Raised bed technology can save 20-30% irrigation water, improve productivity by reducing water wastage, and prevent waterlogging.

56
Q

What is the role of furrows in raised bed planting?

A

In case of excess water, furrows act as drainage channels to protect crops from waterlogging and promote better root growth.

57
Q

What are the benefits of permanent bed planting in maize cultivation?

A

Permanent beds help higher infiltration rates, saving crops from temporary waterlogging and improving soil structure for better root penetration.

58
Q

How does permanent bed planting enable no-till farming?

A

Permanent beds allow for sowing in a single pass without preparatory tillage, thus saving time, labor, and reducing soil disturbance.

Crop Production (2 decks)

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