CRM Week 2

Question 1

what does a hypothesis mean

Answer 1

a scientific question

Question 2

what does this hypothesis have to be

Answer 2

testable and falsifiable/refutable

Question 3

what are some tips for creating a good hypothesis

Answer 3

clear and well stated, single hypothesis rather than multiple,

Question 4

what are examples of reference management software

Answer 4

ProQuest (RefWorks), Mendeley, Zotaro

Question 5

Research is spending …

Answer 5

6 hours reading 35 papers, so you can write one sentence containing 2 references.

Question 6

Tips for Critical Evaluation

Answer 6

You do not read papers to find a direct answer, identify the hypothesis (goal, aim or purpose), intentional judgement to select quality evidence related to your research, be willing to tolerate uncertainty.

Question 7

what is a statistical hypothesis

Answer 7

a pair of refined questions that can be tested by an appropriate statistical model

Question 8

what should the statical hypothesis be

Answer 8

exclusive and exhaustive

Question 9

what two hypothesis do you need

Answer 9

a research hypothesis and a null hypothesis

Question 10

what is a quantitative variable

Answer 10

something you can assign numbers to

Question 11

what is an example of qualitative variable

Answer 11

sex, hair or eye colour

Question 12

what is a response variable

Answer 12

measures of an outcome of a research/study (e.g. VA, change in level of alcohol in blood after drinking)

Question 13

what is an explanatory (independent) variable

Answer 13

explains or influences changes in a response variable (e.g. how much a person drinks per day)

Question 14

what is a null hypothesis (H0)

Answer 14

statement about the values of unknown (response) variable when no effect is assumed - the hypothesis you want to refute in favour of H1

Question 15

what is an alternative hypothesis (H1)

Answer 15

an opposite statement against null hypothesis - typically your research hypothesis that you support

Question 16

what are things to consider when designing research

Answer 16

subject/sample size , measurement, ethics and design

Question 17

what are the types of clinical research

Answer 17

qualitative or quantitative, descriptive or analytic, observational or experimental

Question 18

what is qualitative research

Answer 18

usually explorative and descriptive, collected in the form of words or media

Question 19

what is quantitative research

Answer 19

data collected in the form of numbers that are subject to further numerical analysis

Question 20

what is descriptive research

Answer 20

mainly interested in measuring and summarising the pattern or frequency of variables of interest

Question 21

what is analytic research

Answer 21

interested in the dynamics between the variables based on the descriptive data collected on the variables

Question 22

what is observational research

Answer 22

to investigate the pattern or the relationship between two or more variables without being directly interfered or manipulated under natural conditions

Question 23

what is experimental research

Answer 23

one or more variables are manipulated to see its effect on other variables under highly controlled environment - almost always analytical

Question 24

tertium quid (confounding variable)

Answer 24

third variable

Question 25

what is the post-hoc fallacy

Answer 25

after this, therefore because of this - A occurred then B followed , therefore A caused B.

Question 26

what is exploratory (descriptive) data analysis

Answer 26

summerising/visualising the collective data with graphs, tables and or numbers

Question 27

what is confirmatory (inferential) analysis

Answer 27

statistical test to see if the collected data/evidence support your original research question

Question 28

what is dissemination

Answer 28

the process of sharing research findings with stakeholders and wider audiences

Question 29

what is the structure of a scientific paper

Answer 29

title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, conclusion/discussion, references