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CRJU FINAL!!! > CRJU Final > Flashcards

CRJU Final Flashcards

1
Q

Labeling theory

A

Socially constructed as a criminal

  • Lemert
  • Becker
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2
Q

Edwin Lemert

A

Labeling theory

- primary deviance and secondary deviance

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3
Q

Primary deviance

A

Initial behavior that triggers a label

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4
Q

Secondary deviance

A

After the individual has internalized said label, they become available

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5
Q

Dramatization of the evil

A

Dramatization of the evil

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6
Q

Frank Tannenbaum

A

Frank Tannenbaum

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7
Q

Howard Becker

A

Master status

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8
Q

Master status

A

The label of deviance becomes the most identifiable

- your identity is constructed for you

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9
Q

Conflict model

A

Society is competing for power
- Thorsten Sellin
-

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10
Q

Thorsten Sellin

A

1) primary culture conflict

2) secondary culture conflict

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11
Q

Primary culture conflict

A

when two distinct cultures come into contact and one has more resources to impose their values onto the other culture
- (ex: English settlement)

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12
Q

Secondary culture conflict

A

One culture becomes so diverse that it becomes separate subcultures because there isn’t one shared value system
- whichever group has more power can have the ability to control other groups

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13
Q

Group conflict

A

George Vold

  • crime is a minority group behavior (minority is not a number, it’s those who are disempowered)
  • crime is always a political
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14
Q

Richard: social reality of crime

A

Those in power construct criminal definitions for those who are not in power
- (prop 1-6)

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15
Q

Prop 1

A

Law varies directly with stratification

  • stratification = levels; vertical aspect of social life goes up or down and it comes from the uneven distribution of material wealth
    - (all tools necessary to live)
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16
Q

Prop 2

A

Law varies directly with rank

- different ranks will have different amounts of legal protection

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17
Q

Prop 3

A

Downward lot is greater than upward law
- someone with more power will have greater success in bringing legal action against someone with less power and vice versa

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18
Q

Prop 4

A

Downward law varies directly with vertical distance but upward law varies with inverse distance
- the law increases in success as it is applied downward and law decreases with success as it is applied upward

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19
Q

Prop 5

A

It is easier for a conformist to bring legal action against a nonconformist and it is harder for a nonconformist to bring legal action against the conformist

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20
Q

Prop 6

A

The greater the conformity the greater the legal protection

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21
Q

Donald black

A

> Legal anthropologist
created the propositions - The behavior of law
“the history of all hither to existing society is a history of class struggles”

22
Q

Class struggle

A

“The history of all hither to existing society is a history of class struggle” - Donald black

23
Q

Eric Hoffer

A

“Jesus wasn’t a Christian nor was marks a Marxist”

  • disconnect between the words and the movement
  • the true believer 1941
24
Q

Karl Marx

A 
Marxism 
false consciousness 
means of production 
proletariat 
bourgeois 
"each according to his ability, each according to his need"
25
Q

Marxism

A

If you want to understand anything, you need to pay attention to how material wealth is controlled, produced, and distributed (in that culture)

  • a society based on competition is inherently unstable
  • top percent control the means (methods) of production
26
Q

False consciousness

A

The ability to recognize your own oppression
- are you controlling the means of production or are you being controlled by the person who controls the means of production??

27
Q

Middle-class

A

According to Marx, there is no middle class there are only two classes:

1) controller of the means of production
2) person being controlled by the controller of the means of production

28
Q

Social relations

A

Distribution of material wealth shapes social relations, thus shapes the law

Means of production–> social relations–> law

Ex: agriculture–> race–> slavery

29
Q

capitalism

A
  • competition: eliminate all competitors
    • exploitation: workers are exploited
    • alienation: we allow labor exploits to happen

profit is the goal of capitalism (income without effort)

30
Q

Dangerous classes

A

Downward a law in order to deal with dangerous 99%

31
Q

Marxism in prisons

A

prisons are the safety valve

32
Q

Symbolic interaction

A

Identity is a social construct
interaction = communication
symbol = nonverbal communication
- we gain a sense of who we are by internalizing symbols and interactions

33
Q

Liberal feminist criminology

A

Late increase in female crime is a result of loosening female gender roles
- as more opportunities open up for women, they will also have more opportunities to commit crime

34
Q

Freda Adler

A

Sisters in crime/behavioral change

- Women were taking a more aggressive stance when entering the workplace

35
Q

Rita Simon

A

Women and crime/change opportunity

- still a large amount of unexplained increase in crime rate status the same

36
Q

The law of small numbers

A

The less you start out with, the more the perceived change. the more you start with, the less perceived change

37
Q

Patriarchy

A

A male dominated society

38
Q

Marxist feminist criminology

A

Agree with Marxism, but they left out one key variable: gender–> patriarchy
- those who control the means of production and material wealth are men
- women are considered to be material wealth
[Women are treated and were treated as a means of production]

39
Q

Theories of crime

A

Interested in the event itself

- theories of criminality are concerned about the motivation behind the crime

40
Q

Rational choice

A

Ronald Clarke

  • free will
  • all individuals have a calculator, where they weigh the risks and benefits
41
Q

Bounded rationality

A

Rational from the perspective of the offender

42
Q

Routine activities

A

Cohen and Felson
- a crime is more likely to occur when three factors converge in time and space
1) a motivated offender
2) a suitable target
3) no capable guardian
=The opportunity structure of crime

43
Q

Marcus Felson

A

The opportunity structure of crime

  • we can reduce the amount of crime in society without reducing the amount of criminals
    - -> by limiting the opportunity by creating capable guardians and less suitable targets
    - -> people will make a rational choice to commit less crimes if they have less opportunity
44
Q

Crime displacement

A

Displacement will occur, if and only if, an equally attractive opportunity structure is available
4 types:
1) spacial: crime moves from one location to another
2) Temporal: crime moves from one time to another
3) tactical: how the crime is committed changes
4) Target: crime that’s being performed is different

45
Q

Situational crime prevention

A

New York City bus terminal

46
Q

general theory

A

Gottfredson and Hirshi
- they believe it could explain all forms of crime
–>what causes crime? - low self control
- conformity requires following the rules
- low self-control is a character trait
(you will have it for your whole life)

a tautology

47
Q

Interactionist theory

A

Richard Thornberry
Incarceration breaks social bonds and it guarantees that it cannot be improved upon
- recognizes that there is an interaction between the criminal justice system and the criminals
(they influence and affect one another)

48
Q

Postmodernism

A

We only have claims of certainty
(everything is a claim)
We do not except the hypothesis until you reject all counter hypotheses
–> if you want to prove that an item is a chair if you’re going to prove that it is not a table, a lamp
(truth always change)

49
Q

Restorative justice

A

They recognize that we as a society do not have a consensus of what justice is, we instead focus on the punishment level (counter violence)

  • The problem with the criminal justice system is that the victim does not have a voice
    - -> they need to tell their stories as do the offenders
50
Q

Abolitionist criminologists

A

They ask: what would we do if we could not send people to prison?
- we would need to come up with a better system and policies

51
Q

What causes crime?

A

POWER

  • an unequal distribution of power the only way we will get rid of crime is to stop the hierarchy of power race gender etc.
    • -> a powerless society

CRJU FINAL!!! (1 decks)

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