CRJU Ch 1 Flashcards
activist criminology
seeks to address issues of social injustice, inequality, and oppression within the criminal justice system and wider society
arraignment
the first step in a criminal proceeding where the defendant is brought in front of the court to hear the charges against them and enter a plea
arrest
the taking, seizing, or detaining of another by any act that indicates an intention to take the person into custody and subjects him or her to the control of the person making the the arrest
booking
the process where information about a criminal suspect is entered into the system of a police station or jail after that person’s arrest
crime control model
emphasizes the standardized, expeditious processing of defendants through the court system and the uniform punishment of offenders according to the severity of their crimes
criminal justice system
the network of government and private agencies intended to manage accused and convicted criminals. The criminal justice system is comprised of multiple interrelated pillars, consisting of academia, law enforcement, forensic services, the judiciary, and corrections.
criminology
the study of crime and criminal behavior, informed by principles of sociology and other non-legal fields, including psychology, economics, statistics, and anthropology.
determinism
the belief that all actions and events result from other actions, events, or situations, so people cannot in fact choose what to do.
due process model
focuses upon the rights of the defendant, who is presumed innocent until proven guilty, and aims at individualizing rehabilitation programs for those found guilty
ethical neutrality
working on something without applying ethics on it
initial appearance
a court hearing where a defendant is first brought before a judge, usually after being arrested or charged with a crime. During this hearing, the defendant is informed of the charges against them, and the judge may set bail, appoint an attorney, or schedule future court dates.
juvenile justice system
a collection of state and local court-based systems whose purpose is to respond to young people who come into contact with law enforcement and are accused of breaking the law.
objectivity
the state or quality of being objective and fair
parsimony
a principle according to which an explanation of a thing or event is made with the fewest possible assumptions
preliminary hearing
(like a mini trial) for a judge to determine if there is probable cause that a criminal offense has occurred and that there is a reasonable suspicion that you have committed it.
