CRJU Flashcards
Forensic is what kind of evidence
Direct- proof of an actual thing
Circumstantial- Indirect evidence
What cases are solved by CIU
missing persons
BPA used to be classified as what
Velocity
BCI jursidiction
Bci is not a political subidivision such as city, country, or township
no jursidiction to investigate crimes indepently
GSR contains:
Lead
Antimony,
and Barium
Synoxide-
Diffused primer mixture for small caliber ammunitions
What does primer do in a modern cartridge
initiates the propellent combustion that will propel the projectiles out of the barrell
What can effect the GSR cloud
This cloud can be affected by air currents as well as blocked by physical objects
Gsr size
Particle sized
how does GSR get on you
from either being the person who fired the gun or, by contact with someone or another object with GSR on it
What case extended daubert to non scientific evidence
kuhmo tire v. carmicheal
worst kind of error
false positive
SEMEDS
Scanning electron microscope
Can be used to image the particles an also determine their elemental composition
what is the purpose of a expert witness
provide their expertise in legal proceedings to assit the court in understanding
What are the marks that are produced by random imperfections in manufaturing as what
individual chracteristics
Class chracteristics
measurable features on a specimen indicate restricted group
criminal intelligence analyst
analyzes data to identify patterns and predict where crimes occur
4th amendment
protects from unreasonable search and seizure
why does forensic science require a expert
educating the jury
eyewitness
someone who saw the crime and does not require a expert to confirm
incorrect identification
75%-85% of false convictions were based on incorrect eyewitness identification
BPA
blood pattern analysis
requires math physics biology and extensive training
BPAs first use
first used in 1895 at University of Krakow
BPA from gunshot
forward spatter is exit wound
backward spatter is the entrance wound
passive blood pattern
created when blood falls with no outside force on the blood other than gravity
arterial spurting
when the blood is pumped up to 18 feet away from the body
angle a blood drop fell
angle of impact, arcin (stain width/Stain length)
What does R>C> 2933.83 require for photo identification
photo lineup
how often do eye witnesses get it wrong
52%
how can police lineups improve
- suspect doesnt stand out
- less pressure
- informing suspect might not be in the current lineup
Expert when doing a jury trial should look at
jury
to access a phone what does officer need
search warrant
what consititutional provison controls search warrants
4th amendment
legal mechanism to put before a court a prelimnary issue about admisson of evidence
motion in limine
what is the standard applied by a court of appeals to evidentary decisons or trial judge
substantial evidence standard
search warrant requirements
probable cause
signed by judge
not broad and specific
geoface warrant
provides location history data from devices in a certain area
broad
touchstone of the fourth amendment
reasonableness
daubert
created because of brith defects in children cause by a anti nasuea drug (benectin)
gatekeepers and the first case
dauber v merrell dow pharmesuticals
evidence rule created in 1975 to rule admission of expert testimony
evidence rule 702
CSI effect
gives jurors the wrong idea about the system
bllod fall
90 degree drop is the roundest and as degrees decrease the drop elogates out
abuse of discretion
standard of review used by appellate courts to review decison in lower courts
OIP
works with factually and morally innocent
either presenting new evidence on the case by presening consitionual claims
How to improve eyewitness identification
- Double blind lineups
- Sequential lineups
- Getting witness’ statements at the time of the identification
- Probable cause before the lineup
- Educating police officers, juries, and judges about the problems involving eyewitness
identifications
problems with eye witness identification
Lighting conditions
* The witness’ eyesight
* Length of time viewing the person or event
* Length of time between the event and the actual identification
(Similar to factors affecting transference of evidence with regards to Locard’s theory of
transference)
OIP helps people by presenting what 2 things
New Evidence- evidence of innocence that could not have been discovered
at the time of trial (i.e., evidence that someone else committed the crime)
● Constitutional Claims- i.e., evidence of innocence that the prosecutor
didn’t turn over to the defense (Brady) OR evidence that the defense
attorney didn’t effectively represent the person (Strickland)
causes of wrongful convictions
- forensics
- official misconduct
- eyewitness misidentification
- false confessions
- jailhouse informants
inaffective assistance of council
Where is the confrontation clause found?
6th amendment
What constitutional amendment states that a person has the right to confront witnesses?
6th amendment
passive blood stain
transfer
drops
flow
large volume
spatter
impact
secondary
projection
gunshots
altered
clotted
diluted
diffused
insects
sequenced
voids
