CRJ 105 TEST 2 Flashcards
This early form of policing most directly led to that of modern U.S. policing.
. frankpledge system
Henry and John Fielding organized this.
. Bow Street Runners
This was the first successful bill in England to create a permanent, public police force.
Metropolitan Police Act
Which feature did England contribute to U.S. policing, according to Walker and Katz?
All of the above
As long as human beings have lived in large groups, we have needed this.
Social control
This was an important office in early English policing.
Sheriff
In the modern United States, this type of law enforcement officer serves areas such as rural townships and is usually elected.
Uniformed police officers
This style of policing attempts to address the underlying social problems that contribute to crime by integrating research and scientific problem-solving strategies to analyze instances of crime with the goal of developing more effective response strategies.
Problem-oriented policing
In early England, a person who caught someone stealing chickens would be required to do this.
Raise a hue and cry
About how many law enforcement agencies are there in the United States?
18,000
Most federal officers are trained here.
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
This agency measures crime using the Uniform Crime Reports.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
While out on patrol, Officer Kealoha spots a group of youths sitting in the back yard of a house and smoking. She takes note of the situation, but because the youths are quiet and minding their own business, she moves on. What type of policing is this the best example of?
Watchman style
This agency is recognized as the first uniformed, professional state police department in the United States.
Pennsylvania State Police
This is the largest local police force in the country.
. New York Police Department
These are the most common forms of county law enforcement.
Sheriff’s offices
This policing strategy attempts to harness the resources and residents of a jurisdiction in stopping crime and maintaining order.
Community policing
This private police force was created by the West India Trading Company in 1798.
Thames River Police
How did the development of the policing style in the United States differ from English policing style?
All of the above
Which is a major 20th-century police reformer?
August Vollmer
In the United States, informal policing began here with the establishment of a night watch.
Boston in 1631
This is a duty of all law enforcement officers.
All of the above
Which are the three distinct levels of law enforcement in the United States?
federal, state, and local
Much of local police work is especially concerned with problem-solving and this.
Order maintenance
Under which federal agency is the Federal Bureau of Investigation?
Department of Justice
Which is a difference between the police and the military that make supervising the police a different, and in many ways more difficult, job than supervising the military?
All of the above
This concept describes the decisions that police officers make about which laws to enforce, how much to enforce them, when to let some offenses slide, and when to devote attention to truly significant offenses.
a. Discretion
Which activity most often brings police officers into face-to-face contact with citizens?
a. Traffic duties
What would happen if the police attempted to enforce all the laws?
All of the above
This is a reason based on known facts to think that a criminal offense has occurred
Probable cause
This doctrine defines what constitutes a search.
Plain-view
This case held that people, not places, are protected from government intrusion whenever they have a reasonable expectation of privacy.
Katz v. United States
Which criterion must be met for the discovery of evidence to fall outside the Fourth Amendment’s definition of a search?
All of the above
In this case, the Supreme Court found that probable cause for a search does not demand proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
Illinois v. Gates
The right to privacy does not extend to these even if officers are trespassing.
Open fields
In this case, the Supreme Court found that police have the right to search suspects to ensure their own safety if they think that the suspects are armed.
Terry. V. Ohio
Which of the following is not one of the major exceptions to the requirement that officers obtain warrants before conducting a search?
Consent searches
Which one is an example of a special-needs search?
Inmate search
Which term describes when law enforcement officers take potential evidence in a criminal case?
Seizure
This temporary detention is legally a seizure of an individual.
Stop
In this case, the Supreme Court determined that the test of what constitutes seizure is whether the suspect is free to decline an officer’s request for a search and terminate the encounter.
Florida v. Bostick
In this case, the Supreme Court found that an arrest warrant allows only the search of a suspect’s person and the immediate vicinity. Further searches require a warrant.
Chimel v. California
This describes an incident in which the police show a sign of authority and the suspect submits.
Show-of-authority stop
This is suspicion based on facts or circumstances that justifies stopping and sometimes searching an individual thought to be involved in illegal activity.
Reasonable suspicion
Which of the following is not one of the major exceptions to the requirement that officers obtain warrants before conducting a search?
Consent searches
Which is not a goal of police patrol?
. To collect crime statistics
This is the most visible function of police.
All of the above
Which type of patrol can expand the range that officers can cover, allowing officers to patrol areas where motor vehicles are prohibited, and keeping officers in touch with the community?
Bicycle patrol
Which is a peacemaking or order-maintenance problem that the police may be called for?
All of the above
This is suspicion of illegal activity based on a person’s race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on actual illegal activity or evidence of illegal activity.
Racial profiling
