critical thinking1 Flashcards
inherit
=Who will inherit the house when he dies?
=All her children will inherit equally.
to receive money, a house, etc. from someone after they have died:
Who will inherit the house when he dies?
All her children will inherit equally.
More examples
She will inherit her father’s estate when she is 21.
She inherited a fortune from her grandmother.
Would you quit your job if you inherited lots of money?
He inherited the family business, but he had little interest in it and soon sold it.
The chief’s son would inherit all his lands and rights.
to be born with the same physical or mental characteristics as one of your parents or grandparents:
Rosie inherited her red hair from her mother.
to begin to have responsibility for a problem or situation that previously existed or belonged to another person:
When I took on the job of manager, I inherited certain financial problems.
justify=How can you justify the employment of capital punishment?
to give or to be a good reason for:
[ + -ing verb ] I can’t really justify taking another day off work.
Are you sure that these measures are justified?
justify yourself
B2
If you justify yourself, you give a good reason for what you have done:
It was the only thing that I could do - I don’t have to justify myself to anyone.
More examples
How can you justify the employment of capital punishment?
New evidence from a self-confessed liar was not enough to justify a retrial.
Manufacturers need large sales to justify offering a big variety in export markets.
We are duty bound to justify how we spend our funds.
They haven’t been given these rights for all eternity - they should justify having them just like most other people have to.
eliminate =A move towards healthy eating could help eliminate heart disease.
to remove or take away someone or something:
A move towards healthy eating could help eliminate heart disease.
We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accident.
The police eliminated him from their enquiries.
to defeat someone so that they cannot continue in a competition:
He was eliminated in the third round of the competition.
Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples
to beat someone in a race, competition, etc.
beat; United beat City 3 - 2.
defeat; Can Ireland defeat New Zealand in this high-stakes match?
conquer; The Greeks had fought and conquered the army of Mardonius.
vanquish; The superhero always vanquishes his foes and saves the world.
annihilate; Modern superpowers succeed not by annihilating their enemies but by buying them off.
hammer; The Colts got hammered by the Patriots.
to murder someone:
A police officer was accused of helping a drug gang eliminate rivals.
defect=There are so many defects in our education system.
n.
a fault or problem in something or someone that spoils that thing or person or causes it, him, or her not to work correctly:
All the company’s aircraft have been grounded, after a defect in the engine cooling system was discovered.
There are so many defects in our education system.
It’s a character defect in her that she can’t ever admit she’s wrong.
a physical condition in which something is wrong with a part of someone’s body:
She suffers from a heart/sight/speech defect.
The drug has been shown to cause birth defects.
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a genetic defect.
overlook= The hotel is in a lovely location overlooking the lake.
v
to provide a view of, especially from above:
Our hotel room overlooked the harbour.
The house is surrounded by trees, so it’s not overlooked at all (= it cannot be seen from any other buildings).
More examples
Our balcony overlooks the river.
We booked a room with a window overlooking the piazza.
The hotel is in a lovely location overlooking the lake.
She works in a very smart new office overlooking the River Cam.
The town has a 14th-century citadel overlooking the river.
appropriate =Is this film appropriate for small children?
v
suitable or right for a particular situation or occasion:
appropriate footwear for the country
Is this film appropriate for small children?
I didn’t think his comments were very appropriate at the time.
Is this an appropriate occasion to discuss finance?
Please complete the appropriate parts of this form (= the parts that are right or necessary for your particular situation) and return it as soon as possible.
Opposite
inappropriate
Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples
suitable
suitable; This film contains language that is not suitable for children.
appropriate; Is this film appropriate for young children?
apt; “Unusual”, yes, that’s a very apt description.
fitting; The promotion was a fitting reward for all his hard work.
dramatic = a dramatic change/improvement
adj
very sudden or noticeable, or full of action and excitement:
a dramatic change/improvement
We watched scenes of the dramatic rescue on the news.
Synonyms
electrifying
exciting
exhilarating
gripping
thrilling
More examples
What accounts for the dramatic turnabout in Britain’s international trading performance?
There has been a dramatic shift in public opinion towards peaceful negotiations.
In 1986 he made a very public and dramatic political volte-face from Left to Right.
The increase in the number of young people leaving to work in the cities has had a dramatic impact on the demography of the villages.
He secured a dramatic victory for England by netting the ball half a minute before the end of the game.
relating to plays and acting:
She bought me the complete dramatic works (= texts to be performed) of Brecht for my birthday.
the American Academy of Dramatic Arts
the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts
dramatically = The economic power of many Asian countries has grown dramatically in recent years.
adv
suddenly or obviously:
Your life changes dramatically when you have a baby to take care of.
More examples
The economic power of many Asian countries has grown dramatically in recent years.
The cost of the project has increased dramatically since it began.
Her health has improved dramatically since she started on this new diet.
Environmental awareness has increased dramatically over the past decade.
The report states that the gap between the rich and the poor has increased dramatically over the past decade.
(as if) acting in a play:
She swept her hair back dramatically.
put out something=She put out her hand to shake mine.
v
to move a part of your body away from the rest of you:
She put out her hand to shake mine.
extinguisher=A foam extinguisher, which is used for fire and highly inflammable chemicals, can only be used upside down.
ถังดับเพลิง
Imply =I detected an implied criticism of the way he was treated.
v
to communicate an idea or feeling without saying it directly:
[ + (that) ] Are you implying (that) I’m fat?
I’m not implying anything about your cooking, but could we eat out tonight?
I detected an implied criticism of the way he was treated.
as sth implies
C2
used to show that the name, etc. of something tells you something about it:
Variable rate loans, as the name implies, have a variable interest rate.
to involve something or make it necessary:
Socialism implies equality.
More examples
The report, which is viewed as a bellwether for economic trends, implied that the national economy could be slowing down.
Her statement implies a lack of confidence in the management of the company.
What are you implying?
A connection between the events has been implied in several news reports.
The relationship implied a high degree of trust between the two parties.
Imply or infer?
We imply something by what we say. We infer something from what somebody else says. The main difference between these two words is that a speaker can imply, but a listener can only infer. …
motorist=A passing motorist stopped and gave her a lift to the nearby town.
n
a person who drives a car
Examples
A passing motorist stopped and gave her a lift to the nearby town.
Earlier today a man was arrested for attacking a motorist in a road rage incident.
The policeman smiled benignly at the motorist.
utilize
v
to use something in an effective way:
The vitamins come in a form that is easily utilized by the body.
This evidence suggests that planning and control each serve a specialized purpose utilizing distinct visual representations.
These costs could be reduced substantially if knowledge about their use for different conditions related to dyspepsia would be fully utilized in clinical practice.
Saturation of views was ensured as far as possible by utilizing alternative recruitment strategies.
Because we have utilized fenestrations in a non-randomized fashion, it is not possible to provide a reasonable comparison of outcome between fenestrated and non-fenestrated procedures.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Clearly, it is not reasonable to expect all maltreatment investigations to utilize identical procedures for defining the sample.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Grasslands also improve organic matter, utilized by crops and a range of plants used as medicines.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
It seems probable that neither of these species regularly utilizes the agricultural matrix but both can migrate through it when food limitations dictate.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
The second type of evidence is that safety experts utilized the two versions as equivalent.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
The results of the reference species plots demonstrate that psammites can also be utilized to examine the question of elemental mobility.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
From an economic standpoint, a process that utilizes only a minimal amount of electric energy would vastly improve the use of bioremediation in such areas.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
As a result, later research focused on psychrotolerant cyanobacteria capable of utilizing atmospheric nitrogen.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Almost every acre of land has been utilized, rationally planned and arranged or frozen into a nature reserve.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
In this study, the first 2 definitions were utilized to define optimal feeding apparatus and substrate conditions.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
In fact, behavior is commonly utilized in assisting mapping from function to structure, which is often referred to as function-behavior-structure mapping.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
How they get along would be based on the one adaptational constant in these systems, how each species is adapted to utilize the host.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
mature
adj
adult activities, behaviour, etc.
adult; The victim was an adult male.
adult; A lot of people have never seen an adult movie.
big; What do you want to do when you’re big?
grown up; Her children are all grown up now.
full-grown; The website offers both puppies and full-grown dogs for sale.
grown; I’ve seen grown men cry when she sings.
v
to become more developed mentally and emotionally and behave in a responsible way:
Girls are said to mature faster than boys.
He matured a lot while he was in college.
Residence roles were less mature for high symptom women than for high symptom men.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Finally, is gap-phase regeneration of a largeseeded timber species affected by proximity of a mature conspecific to the gap?
From the Cambridge English Corpus
During hiatuses in deposition, relatively mature vegetation colonized sediment surfaces.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
The work would be undertaken by mature, experienced and talented students.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Concentrations increased substantially thereafter to a maximum, about 100 d later, when tubers were said to be mature.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
At the same time, third instar larvae were transferred to the upper surface of the first fully opened mature leaf of individual plants.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Throughfall and stemflow in mature and year-old wet tropical forest.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Their response to visual traps alone also was significantly lower than that of mature flies, about half the percentage.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Unfertilised, immature and mature oocytes were also prepared with the two fixatives described above.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
The outward current has a constant or slightly diminishing amplitude as the oocyte matures.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Theoretical literature on the maturing individual tends to take one of two directions.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Effects of porcine follicular fluid on male pronucleus formation in porcine oocytes matured in vitro.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
In sum, we were able to ‘account’ for a substantial proportion of the mature flies that were released.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
As once essentially residential communities matured, politicians sought to raise their tax revenues whilst retaining small-scale, almost village life, within an increasingly urbanized milieu.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
We have compared 27 varieties of alfalfa for the amounts and types of storage proteins present in samples of mature seed.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
desire=The president desires to meet the new prime minister.
v
to want something, especially strongly:
I desire only to be left in peace.
The hotel had everything you could possibly desire.
What does her Ladyship desire me to do/desire of me?
[ + to infinitive ] The president desires to meet the new prime minister.
n
a strong feeling that you want something:
I certainly have no desire to have children.
There is a strong desire for peace among the people.
He needed to satisfy his desire for revenge.
[ + to infinitive ] She had a burning/strong desire to go back to her home country before she died.
Several people have expressed a desire to see the report.
Synonyms
inclination(FEELING)
willingness
wish (WANT)
generalizable
adjective
able to be made more widely or generally applicable.
“findings from this study may not be generalizable to the civilian population”
shallow
having only a short distance from the top to the bottom:
The stream was fairly shallow so we were able to walk across it.
She told her children to stay in the shallow end (of the swimming pool).
Fry the onions in a shallow pan.
These beech trees have shallow roots (= roots which do not go very deep into the ground).
excuse
n
a reason that you give to explain why you did something wrong:
He’d better have a good excuse for being late.
I’ve never known him to miss a meeting - I’m sure he’ll have an excuse.
There’s no excuse for that sort of behaviour.
Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples
the cause of something
reason; I frankly don’t understand the reason for the delay.
cause; Investigators have not yet determined the cause of the fire.
root; We need to get to the root of her problems.
motive; There seems to have been no motive for the murder.
ground(s)On what grounds was she dismissed?
proficient
adj skilled and experienced: a proficient swimmer She's proficient in two languages. It takes a couple of years of regular driving before you become proficient at it. Synonym adept
good at doing something because of practice
skilful; She’s a skilful driver.
skilled; He’s a skilled mechanic.
good at; She’s very good at dealing with people.
able; She’s a very able student.
gifted; She’s a gifted musician.
talented; He’s a very talented actor.
intention = It wasn’t my intention to exclude her from the list - I just forgot her.
something that you want and plan to do:
[ + to infinitive ] It wasn’t my intention to exclude her from the list - I just forgot her.
I’ve no intention of changing my plans just to fit in with his.
He’s full of good intentions, but he never does anything about them!
Synonyms
aim (INTENTION)
ambition
aspiration (HOPE)
dream (HOPE)
goal (AIM)
hope
intent formal or specialized
object (PURPOSE)
objective
target (AIM)
More examples
We welcome the government’s affirmation of its intention to act.
It has always been my declared intention to sail round the world.
We have no intention of launching a pre-emptive strike, but we will retaliate if provoked.
The UN announced its intentions to toughen sanctions still further.
He thought the time was right to let his intentions be known.
track
PATH
instead of
preposition
in place of someone or something:
You can go instead of me, if you want.
Instead of complaining, why don’t we try to change things?
More examples
I wish you’d spend more time at home instead of going out drinking with your friends every night.
You can make shortbread with margarine instead of butter, but it isn’t the same.
You waste a lot of water by having a bath instead of a shower.
expose
v
to remove what is covering something so that it can be seen:
The plaster on the walls has been removed to expose the original bricks underneath.
He damaged his leg so badly in the accident that the bone was exposed.
This photograph was under-/over-exposed (= too little/too much light was allowed to reach the film).
expose yourself
If a man exposes himself, he shows his sexual organs in a public place to people he does not know.
More examples
We decided to expose the wooden beams in the sitting room to give it a more old-fashioned feel.
More political scandals were exposed in the newspapers today.
He had undone the buttons of his shirt, exposing an unsightly expanse of white flesh.
The movie is about a young police officer and his struggle to expose corruption in the force.
Embarrassing details of their private life were exposed to the public.
welfare=Your taxes pay for welfare benefits such as unemployment and sickness pay.
n
help given, especially by the state or an organization, to people who need it, especially because they do not have enough money:
Your taxes pay for welfare benefits such as unemployment and sickness pay.
UK After her month’s sick leave, she was summoned to see the company’s welfare officer.
on welfare
receiving financial help from the state because you are poor or have not been employed for a long time
More examples
It is widely acknowledged that the welfare system is under-resourced.
The whole scheme is intended to wean people off welfare dependency.
He argues that the Congress and President Clinton trampled the constitutional rights of legal immigrants in the new welfare reform law.
Since being made redundant, he has been receiving welfare.
The lobbyists are seeking reforms to the welfare system.
infant=a newborn infant
a baby
baby; She is having a baby in the spring.
newborn; Newborn babies are not able to focus their eyes fully for the first few weeks of life.
new baby; Bringing home a new baby can be a confusing time for parents.
bundle of joy; Congratulations on bringing home your little bundle of joy!
neonate; The doctor headed up a study on perception in neonates.
infant; Infants under 2 years of age must travel on an adult’s lap.
infant=a newborn infant
a baby
baby; She is having a baby in the spring.
newborn; Newborn babies are not able to focus their eyes fully for the first few weeks of life.
new baby; Bringing home a new baby can be a confusing time for parents.
bundle of joy; Congratulations on bringing home your little bundle of joy!
neonate; The doctor headed up a study on perception in neonates.
infant; Infants under 2 years of age must travel on an adult’s lap.
factor
v
to sell the right to collect payments and debts owed to your company or organization to another business:
How many of their operations are factored?
Factoring is just one way of raising capital in the short term.
factor
v
to sell the right to collect payments and debts owed to your company or organization to another business:
How many of their operations are factored?
Factoring is just one way of raising capital in the short term.
causal
adjective
causal relationship, link, etc.
a relationship, link, etc. between two things in which one causes the other:
Is there a causal relationship between violence on television and violent behaviour?
