Critical Thinking Flashcards
By which method did the early ACA attempt to maintain a pure democracy and safeguard itself from undue influence from any particular school?
Not having chiropractic school faculty as officers
How did the Searby’s first hear about chiropractic?
Work as a journalist
What is bias and fallacy?
Bias – an error within perception/cognitive blind spot
Fallacy – an error in reasoning
What are the 4 constraints of processing (quadrants)?
- Speed (not enough time)
- Information (too much info)
- Memory (what should we remember?)
- Meaning (is there meaning?)
What are heuristics?
Fast thinking/mental shortcuts. Method that helps you solve problems faster.
What is the first principle of survival?
Speed. Survival tends to favour rapid responses.
What is belief bias?
The tendency to judge the strength of arguments based on believability not validity. You discount or reject evidence that contradicts firmly held beliefs. What you see and perceive only reaffirms what you believe in.
What is overconfidence effect?
The ability to act first and ask questions later. Your overconfidence allows you to act quickly and reaffirm that what you are doing is correct.
What is the “Dunning Kruger Effect”?
Exaggerated overconfidence leads to “illusory superiority.” People overestimate their positive points whilst at the same time underestimating their negative points.
What is the “Google Effect”?
When faced with difficult questions or decisions our first thought is to check the internet rather than try to recall information or draw from experience. The internet becomes our primary source of memory and can lead to lower rates of recall. We are less inclined to remember things because we can just look it up.
What are some examples of “illusion of external agency”?
- Teaching patients to visualise their pain going away can lead to reduction in symptoms
- Sounding knowledgeable can offer reassurance
- A welcoming and professional atmosphere at work can assist in healing
In relation to overconfidence, which of the following makes up part of the many competing strategies?
Unbiased strategies
