Critical Thinking Flashcards
Goal of intellectual standards
Check quality
Goal of elements of reasoning
Use of breadth and depth in thinking
Number of intellectual standards
8 standards
Number of elements of reasoning
8 elements
Number of valuable intellectual traits
7 traits
8 intellectual standards
Clarity Accuracy Precision Relevance Depth Breadth Logic Significance
8 elements of reasoning
Purpose of thinking Question at issue Information Interpretation/inference Concepts Assumptions Implications/consequences Points of view
7 valuable intellectual traits
Intellectual courage Intellectual empathy Intellectual integrity Intellectual perseverance Faith in reason Fair mindedness
Clarity
Make clear statements
Accuracy
Statements can be verified
Precision
Needing detail
Relevance
Understanding relevance of statement
Depth
Discover/understand difficulties
Breadth
Understand all aspects of question
Logic
Statements are coherent
Significance
Why statement is important
Purpose of thinking
Reason has purpose/goal/objective
Question at issue
Reasoning attempts to solve issue
Information
Based on data/evidence
Interpretation/inference
Conclusions from info
Concepts
Reasoning expressed through theories and concepts
Assumptions
Reasoning based on assumptions
Implications/consequences
Negative or positive consequences
Points of view
Choose point of view, but understand other view points
Intellectual courage
Face ideas we have strong responses to
Intellectual empathy
Understand other people’s views
Intellectual integrity
Own thoughts
Use intellectual standards
Practice what you preach
Admit to fault
Intellectual perseverance
Stick to rational principles
Faith in reason
Trust reasoning when making decisions
Fair-mindedness
Don’t be biased
Respect all viewpoints
Definition of psychology
Scientific study of behavior and mental processes in context
How many goals of psychology
Explain
Describe
Change
Predict
Explaining behavior (example)
Explain situation to parents or patient
Describe behavior (example)
Describe the type of anxiety
Change behavior (example)
Prescribe medication or therapy to depressed patient
Predict behavior (example)
Detect early signs (schizophrenia)
Understand what future may hold
What is needed for psychology that pseudoscience does not use
Empirical/research evidence
What does pseudoscience use that makes it “pseudoscience”
Popular opinion
What does psychology do that pseudoscience doesn’t
CHALLENGES beliefs
What does psychobabble/pseudoscience do that psychology doesn’t (immediately/possibly) do
Confirms beliefs
How many critical thinking components
8
What are the 8 critical thinking components
Ask questions Define clearly Examine evidence Analyze assumptions or biases Avoid emotional reasoning Avoid oversimplifying Consider other stances Tolerate uncertainty
How does critical thinking play a role in psychology
Psychology develops critical thinking
3 areas of critical thinking
Intellectual standards
Elements of reasoning
Valuable intellectual traits
