Critical Reading as Reasoning

Question 1

It is the process of getting information.

Answer 1

Reading

Question 2

• Engaging in analytic activity
• Evaluating, analyzing, and interpreting

Answer 2

Critical Reading

Question 3

Giving statements for justification and explanation. It is the ability to defend a topic.

Answer 3

Reasoning

Question 4

It is a statement that states one’s sound judgment about something through writing which is supported by reasons and evidence. It also presents the strengths and weaknesses of something based on a set of criteria which needs to be factual, substantial, and unbiased.

Answer 4

Evaluative Statement

Question 5

-identifying assertions
-formulating counterclaims
-determining evidences

Answer 5

Steps in Critical Reading as Reasoning

Question 6

It is the use of linguistic devices to express hesitation or uncertainty as well as to demonstrate politeness and indirectness.

Answer 6

Hedging

Question 7

Modals, Frequency Adverbs, Probability Adverbs

Answer 7

Hedges

Question 8

1. Begin with the positives before you point out the negatives.
2. Suggest a solution/s or suggestion/s on how to improve the written material being evaluated and provide justification how these will work.
3. Keep your feedback concise and precise.
4. Be careful in giving your feedback.

Answer 8

Formulating Evaluative Statements

Question 8

1. Begin with the positives before you point out the negatives.
2. Suggest a solution/s or suggestion/s on how to improve the written material being evaluated and provide justification how these will work.
3. Keep your feedback concise and precise.
4. Be careful in giving your feedback.

Answer 8

Formulating Evaluative Statements

Question 9

These are declarative sentences that claim something is true about something else. It is a sentence that is either true or false.

Answer 9

Assertions

Question 10

It is a statement that can be proven objectively by direct experience, testimonies of witnesses, verified observations, or the results of research.

Answer 10

Fact

Question 11

It is a way in which something is done, similar to traditions and norms. They depend on historical precedents, laws, rules, usage, and customs. Thus, their truthfulness is verified by how commonly held definitions and beliefs are interpreted.

Answer 11

Conventions

Question 12

It is a statement based on facts, but is difficult to objectively verify because of the uncertainty of producing satisfactory proofs of soundness. They result from ambiguities; the more ambiguous a statement, the more difficult it is to verify. Thus, they are open to disputes.

Answer 12

Opinion

Question 13

This states a personal choice in which the writer is under no obligation to support or prove truthfulness of the statement. They are subjective and cannot be objectively proven or logically attacked.

Answer 13

Preference

Question 14

• Fact
• Convention
• Preference
• Opinion

Answer 14

Types of Assertions

Question 15

The sampaguita’s roots are used for medicinal purposes, such as an anesthetic and a sedative.

Answer 15

FACT

Question 16

The sampaguita belongs to the genus Jasminum of the family Oleaceae.

Answer 16

CONVENTION

Question 17

The popularity of sampaguita flowers is most evident in places of worship.

Answer 17

OPINION

Question 18

Sampaguitas are the most beautiful and most fragrant of all flowers.

Answer 18

PREFERENCE

Question 19

These are classified according to the degree of certainty they can be judged as true or false.

Answer 19

Assertions, Type of Assertions

Question 20

These are claims made to rebut a previous claim. They provide a contrasting perspective to the main argument.

Answer 20

Counterclaims

Question 21

A statement that asserts facts based on one’s understanding about a particular topic/issue.

Answer 21

Claim

Question 22

It is a part of an argument where a statement offers an explanation behind a party’s claim.

Answer 22

Reason

Question 23

A statement that proves the truth of a claim and generally leads to the conclusion of an argument.

Answer 23

Evidence

Question 24

• Claim
• Counterclaim
• Reason
• Evidence

Answer 24

Elements of an Argument

Question 25

1. What are the major points on which you and the author can disagree?
2. What is their strongest argument? What did they say to defend their position?
3. What are the merits of their view?
4. What are the weaknesses or shortcomings in their argument? Are there any hidden assumptions?
5. Which lines from the text best support the counterclaim you have formulated?

Answer 25

Formulating Counterclaims

Question 26

Getting the information from the text word-for-word

Answer 26

Quotation

Question 27

Rephrasing in your own words; not copying word-for-word

Answer 27

Paraphrasing

Question 28

Shortening the text by just stating the main idea of the text

Answer 28

Summarizing

Question 29

Quotation, Paraphrasing, Summarizing

Answer 29

Generating textual evidence

Question 30

Point

Evidence

Explanation

Link

Answer 30

Steps in Making Textual Evidence

Question 31

What are you trying to prove or say?

Answer 31

Point

Question 32

Provide your evidence, what can you say that can back you up

Answer 32

Evidence

Question 33

Explain yourself how does this evidence apply to what you are saying how does this improve your point

Answer 33

Explanation

Question 34

Link to another point or back question, how are you going to transition into your next thought?

Answer 34

Link