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NDBE II > Critical Pharm Points to Know > Flashcards

Critical Pharm Points to Know Flashcards

1
Q

ylenol 1 contains

A

325 mg acetaminophen, 8 mg codeine.

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2
Q

Tylenol 2 contains

A

300 mg acetaminophen, 15 mg codeine.

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3
Q

Tylenol 3 contains

A

300 mg acetaminophen, 30 mg codeine.

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4
Q

Tylenol 4 contains

A

300 mg acetaminophen, 60 mg codeine.

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5
Q

Max Epi for ASA 1 Pt.

A

0.2mg

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6
Q

Max Epi for Cardiac Pt.

A

0.04mg

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7
Q

Max Lidocaine w/o vasoconstrictor

A

4.4mg/kg

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8
Q

Max Lidocaine w/ vasoconstrictor

A

7mg/kg

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9
Q

PKA for Mepivicaine

A

7.6 pKa

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10
Q

PKA for Lidocaine, Prilocaine, Articaine

A

7.8 pKa

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11
Q

PKA for Bupivicaine

A

8.1 pKa

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12
Q

PSA injection max depth

A

16mm

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13
Q

Which injection is at higher risk of hematoma?

A

PSA nerve block

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14
Q

Amides are metabolized in the?

A

The liver

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15
Q

Ethers are metabolized in the?

A

Plasma

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16
Q

What Local Anysthetics are considered Esthers?

A 
• Procaine 
• Cocaine 
• Tetracaine 
• Benzocaine 
Notice: Esthers do not have any extra i's in the name
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17
Q

The Ether that is a natural vasoconstrictor

A

Cocain

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18
Q

The Amide that is not safe in children

A

Bupivicaine (Marcaine)

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19
Q

Amide that has an ester chain.

A

Articaine (Septocaine)

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20
Q

The amide that may cause methemoglobinemia

A

Prilocaine (Citanest)

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21
Q

Sulfonamides Mechanism of action

A

Bacteriostatic, folate synthesis inhibitor.

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22
Q

The two most common Sulfonamide drugs.

A

Sulfonamide, Sulfadiazine, and Sulfamethoxazole

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23
Q

Fluoroquinolones Mechanism of action

A

Bactericidal, DNA synthesis inhibitor.

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24
Q

Two prominent Fluoroquinolones to remember

A

Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin

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25
Q

Penicillin Mechanism of action

A

Bactericidal, Cell wall synthesis inhibitor, β-lactam

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26
Q

because they are chemically related they have cross-allergenic potential

A

cephalosporins, and penicillins.

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27
Q

This penicillin is administered with IV, and is more sensitive to acid degradation.

A

Penicillin G

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28
Q

This penicillin is taken orally

A

Penicillin V

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29
Q

A broad spectrum penicillin

A

Amoxicillin

30
Q

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (β-lactamase-resistant) is called?

A

Augmentin

31
Q

These two penicillin For β-lactamase-resistant bacteria.

A

Methicillin

Dicloxacillin

32
Q

Best/broadest gram-negative spectrum penicillin.

A

Ampicillin

33
Q

Antibiotic penicillin class used specifically against pseudomonas

A

Carbenicillin

34
Q

Cephalosporins Mechanism of action

A

Same as penicillin; Bactericidal • Cell wall synthesis inhibitor, β-lactam

35
Q

Monobactams mechanism of action

A

Bactericidal Cell wall synthesis inhibitor, β-lacta

36
Q

Example of Monobactam

A

Aztreonam

37
Q

Carbapenems mechanism of action

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor, β-lactam

38
Q

Example of Carbapenem

A

Imipe[nem]

39
Q

The Broadest antimicrobial spectrum

A

Tetracyclines

40
Q

Tetracyclines mechanism of action

A

Bacteriostatic
Protein synthesis inhibitor (30S ribosomal
subunit)

41
Q

How to remember Macrolides

A

Mac likes to throw mice

Ery[thro][myci]n, etc… Clarithromycin, Azithromycin

42
Q

Macrolides mechanism of action

A
  • Bacteriostatic

* Protein synthesis inhibitor (50S ribosomal subunit)

43
Q

Lincosamides

A
  • Bacteriostatic

* Protein synthesis inhibitor (50S ribosomal subunit)

44
Q

When is Antibiotic Prophylaxis Required with Cardiovascular conditions?

A

– Prosthetic heart valve
– History of endocarditis
– Heart transplant with valvulopathy/valve dysfunction
– Congenital heart problems

45
Q

When is Antibiotic Prophylaxis Required with Compromised immunity

A

– Organ transplant
– Neutropenia
– Cancer therapy

46
Q

Rx for Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis for normal adults

A
  • First choice Amoxicillin 2g 1 hr before tx

* PCN allergy Clindamycin 600mg 1 hr before tx

47
Q

Rx for Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis for children

A
  • Children, first choice Amoxicillin 50mg/kg 1 hr before tx
  • Children, PCN allergy Clindamycin 20mg/kg 1 hr before tx
48
Q

Rx for Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis for Non oral administration for adults and kids

A
  • Non-oral (IV or IM) Ampicillin 2g 30 min before tx

* Children, non-oral Ampicillin 50mg/kg 30 min before tx

49
Q

Rx for Prosthetic Joint Prophylaxis

A

• First choice Keflex 2g 1 hr before tx

50
Q

When is Antibiotic Prophylaxis NOT Required?

A 
• Cardiovascular conditions
– Cardiac pacemaker
– Rheumatic fever without valvular dysfunction
– Mitral valve prolapse without valvular
regurgitation
51
Q

What causes GI upset and pseudomonas colitis?

A

Clindamycin

52
Q

What is most likely to cause superinfection?

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics

53
Q

What is associated with aplastic anemia?

A

Chloramphenicol

54
Q

What is associated with liver damage?

A

Tetracycline

55
Q

What is associated with allergic cholestatic hepatitis?

A

Erythromycin estolate

56
Q

What are antibiotics that cancel echoer out?

A

Cidal and static drugs

57
Q

What reads with Penicillin and increases duration of action?

A

probenecid

58
Q

Where does Clindamycin drug concentration target the most?

A

Bone

59
Q

Where does Tetracycline drug concentration target the most?

A

gingival crevicular fluid

60
Q

Acyclovir, Valcyclovir to treat?

A

herpes

61
Q

Fluconazole, Ketoconazole to treat?

A

candidiasis

62
Q

Clotrimazole (Mycelex) is in?

A

troche form

63
Q

Aspirin (ASA) irreversibly binds to?

A

Cox 1, and 2

64
Q

What is Aspirin Hard on

A

GI tract

65
Q

Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)

A

kidney

66
Q

Selective Cox 2 blockers are?

A

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

Meloxicam (Mobic)

67
Q

Meloxicam (Mobic) is prescribed to treat?

A

Arthritis

68
Q

can cause Reye’s Syndrome

A

Aspirin

69
Q

Drug of choice in feverish child

A

Acetaminophen

70
Q

Acetaminophen Mechanism?

A

Unknown, but inhibits pain in the CNS. Causes liver problems to excess.

71
Q

Tuberculosis Treatment PRIEST memoric

A 
Pyrazinamide
Fifampin
Isoniazide (INH)
Ethambutol
Streptomyci

NDBE II (2 decks)

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