Critical Perspectives- A05 Flashcards

1
Q

Karl Marx- idea of marxism

A

society is capitalist, based on making profit rather than the interest of the people
the proletariat make money for the bourgeoisie
2 classes in conflict leads to social unrest

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2
Q

Karl Marx said…

A

because Milton sold the publishing rights for £5 meaning

he “ thus became a merchant, Milton produced PL as a silkworm produces silk as the activation of his own nature”

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3
Q

Key ideas of Feminism

A

women are oppressed as they are only valued for looks and societal function- wives and mothers
woman are second sex- seen as less important

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4
Q

feminist critics may argue…

A

Miltons work is a outpouring of misogynism as Eve is presented with stereotypical negative traits if women

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5
Q

Philip Gallegaher 1990- Feminism

A

Argued Milton is “the greatest feminist of Western Literature” – especially separation scene as it suggests Adam knew what he was doing and Eve was tricked

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6
Q

Key ideas of Aristotelian Tragedy

A

change of fortune from good to bad

suffering that creates pathos in audience leading to catharsis a realisation of the cause of the misery

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7
Q

Aristotelian Tragedy– tragic hero

A

be morally good
excessive hubris
make tragic hamartia

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8
Q

Aristotelian Tragedy applied

A

Satan who’s hubris is his harmatia

Book IX seems to be a self contained Aristotelian Tragedy- after poem turns to idea of destiny

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9
Q

Idea of Deconstructive Theory

A
  • language is a system of signs; words only have meaning because of the contrast between these signs
  • within these binary opposites there is a hierarchy
  • a reading of a text will try to expose these oppositions work
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10
Q

Deconstructive reading…

A

contrary languages– prelapsarian direct and logical

and postlapsarian full of tropes and tricks thus highlighting the binary oppositions of two worlds

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11
Q

Carl Jung– ideas of Jungism

A

all people share a collective unconscious

as we are not aware, these archetypes can only be concluded indirectly by examining human behaviour

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12
Q

Jung’s theory of archetypes…

A

Adam and Eve as ‘the child.’ symbolic rebirth out of Eden symbolises beginnings

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13
Q

Sigmund Freud-psychoanalytical theory

A

this theory suggest the psyche is made of three parts;

  • the id – from birth, unconscious
  • the ego – decision making part, works by reason
  • the super ego – reflects values and morals of society , it is our conscience- experience gulit
  • the opedius complex- all boys want to sleep with their mothers
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14
Q

Freudian reading…

A

Satans inner conflict represents inner battle between id and superego– with Eve’s beauty
parallels with god and heaven, satan and hell– may be argued satan is the strongest

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15
Q

Key ideas of Nietzschean

A
  • life is without objective meaning, purpose and value, there is no god- belief is called nihilism
  • absence of god creates superhuman who risk all to improve society
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16
Q

John Locke– key ideas

A
  • Locke argued against the idea that people are born sinful are some people are innately evil
  • he suggested humans are born tabula rasa which is shaped by our experiences
  • how we are brought up has a impact on our adulthood
17
Q

John Locke theorised

A

nature has more significant influence on human behaviour than nature

18
Q

John Locke theory applied to PL

A

Milton presentation of Satan as a rounded figure suggest he is not innately bad- his complex psychology and Eve’s deliberation shows it is nurture and choices that shape us