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Critical Numbers > Critical Numbers > Flashcards

Critical Numbers Flashcards

1
Q

Define prevalence

A

Probability of having a condition at a given time point

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2
Q

Define incidence

A

Probability of getting a condition within a specified time period

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3
Q

Sensitivity=

A

TP/ (TP+ FN)

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4
Q

Define sensitivity

A

Have the condition and correctly identified

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5
Q

Specificity=

A

TN / (TN + FP)

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6
Q

Define specificity

A

No condition and are correctly identified

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7
Q

Risk difference =

A

Risk of outcome if treatment given - risk of outcome if no treatment given

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8
Q

What is the average rate of change of incidence probability over time?

A

Incidence rate

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9
Q

What is the instantaneous rate of change of incidence probability over time?

A

Hazard rate

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10
Q

Define NNT

A

Number of ppl you need to treat in order to prevent one outcome

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11
Q

NNT =

A

1/ |RD|

RD should be negative

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12
Q

Defien NNH

A

Number of ppl you need to treat in order to cause the harmful outcome

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13
Q

NNH =

A

1/ RD

RD should be positive

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14
Q

What does a RR of 1 mean?

A

No effect/ association

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15
Q

What does a RR > 1 mean?

A

Positive association, risk factor

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16
Q

What does a RR < 1 mean?

A

Negative association, protective factor/ effect

17
Q

What does a RD of 0 mean?

A

No effect/ association

18
Q

What does a RD > 0 mean?

A

Positive association, risk factor

19
Q

What does a RD < 0 mean?

A

Negative association, protective factor/effect

20
Q

Probability =

A

cases/ #population

21
Q

Odds =

A

cases/ #non-cases

22
Q

Define absolute risk

A

Likelihood of health effect occurring under specific conditions

23
Q

Define relative risk

A

Likelihood of an event occurring in a group of ppl compared with another group w/ different behaviours, physical conditions and env

24
Q

Define bias

A

Systematic error in the design of the study or how the measurements are taken

25
Q

What is a cohort study?

A

The incidence of the disease in EXPOSED group is compared w/ incidence in UNEXPOSED group

26
Q

What is an RCT?

A

Compares the incidence of disease in the treatment group with the control group

27
Q

What is a case-controlled study?

A

Prevalence of past exposure among cases and control is compared

28
Q

What is a cross-sectional study?

A

Outcome and exposures measured simultaneously in a given population

Critical Numbers (1 decks)

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