Critical Illness

Question 1

Essence of critical care

Answer 1

Correcting the imbalance of disordered perfusion

Question 2

Shock

Answer 2

abnormality of the circulatory system that causes inadequate organ perfusion and tissue oxygenation

Question 3

Hypodynamic shock

Answer 3

low cardiac index and vasoconstriction

Question 4

Hyperdynamic shock

Answer 4

distributive shock characterized by high cardiac index and vasodilation

Question 5

Hypovolemic shock (hypo dynamic)

Answer 5

causes: hemorrhage, dehydration, and massive capillary leak. Hallmark - decreased filling pressures

Question 6

Cardiogenic shock (hypo dynamic)

Answer 6

Causes - MI involving 40% or more of the left ventricle, cardiomyopathy, and valvular lesions. Cardiac filling pressures are normal

Question 7

Obstructive shock (hypodynamic)

Answer 7

causes - pericardial tamponade, acute pulmonary embolism, tension pneumothorax. Cardiac filling pressure usually increased due to outflow obstruction or decreased ventricular compliance

Question 8

Septic shock (Hyperdynamic)

Answer 8

direct mediators of inflammation and tissue perfusion result in cellular injury and organ dysfunction

Question 9

Traumatic shock (hyper dynamic) (burn patients)

Answer 9

Inflammatory mechanism that is similar to the genesis of septic shock on a molecular, cellular, and phenotypic level. Distributive immunologically mediated response to injury. Shock resulting from hemorrhage