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Criteria Flashcards

1
Q

Which 3 criteria apply to all diagnoses?

A
  1. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
  2. Not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or to another medical condition.
  3. Symptoms not better explained by another mental disorder
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2
Q

MDE symptoms need to be present how often and for what duration? What else do the symptoms need to be?

A

Most of the day, nearly every day during the same 2 week period.
Symptoms need to be a change from previous functioning

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3
Q

How many possible MDE symptoms are there? How many need to be present? What are they?

A

9 total symptoms
5 or more must be present including at least one of the first 2 symptoms

  1. Depressed mood
  2. Anhedonia (diminished interest or pleasure in all or nearly all activities)
  3. Appetite/Weight (increase or decrease)
  4. Sleep (increase or decrease)
  5. Energy (fatigue or loss of energy)
  6. Psychomotor retardation or agitation
  7. Concentration decreased, indecisiveness
  8. Worthlessness/excessive guilt
  9. Suicidal ideation (or recurrent thoughts of death)
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4
Q

What is Criterion A for a Manic Episode?

A

A distinct period of abnormally and persistently
1. Elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and
2. Increased goal-directed activity or energy

Lasting 7 or more days
Present most of the day, nearly every day (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary)

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5
Q

What is criteria B for a manic episode

A

3 or more of the (4 if the mood is only irritable) of the following 7 symptoms:
GST PAID
1. Grandiosity
2. Sleep (decreased need)
3. Talkative
4. Pleasurable activities, Painful consequences
5. Activity (increased goal directed or psychomotor agitation)
6. Ideas (flight of)
7. Distractible

Must be present to a significant degree and represent a noticeable change from usual behaviour

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6
Q

What is required for a diagnosis of Bipolar 1? What is not required?

A

A single lifetime Manic Episode

Does not require any depressive episodes

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7
Q

What does mixed features indicate?

A

Can be used as a specifier for manic, hypomanic, or depressive episode of bipolar I / II

indicates the presence of both depressive and manic symptoms concurrently

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8
Q

What is the criteria for a hypomanic episode?

A
  1. Criterion A and B of a manic episode is met, but duration is 4 or more days (vs. 7 or more for Manic unless hospitalized)
  2. Significant change from the persons’ normal behaviour, noticeable to other
  3. Not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization
  4. Absence of psychotic symptoms (if present automatically manic)
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9
Q

If a manic episode is triggered by antidepressant use does it count as a manic episode?

A

If it continues at full criteria after the physiological effects of the antidepressant are gone, then it counts (otherwise no)

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10
Q

What is needed for a diagnosis of Bipolar 2?

A
  1. Meet criteria for a current or past hypomanic episode
  2. Meet criteria for a current or past major depressive disorder
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11
Q

Criterion A for Persistent Depressive Disorder

A

Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, as indicated either by subjective account or observation by others, for ≥2 yr

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12
Q

What did Persistent Depressive Disorder used to be called?

A

Dysthymic Disorder

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13
Q

Criterion B for Persistent Depressive Disorder?

A

During the depressed period of more than 2 years, experiencing 2 or more of the following
1. Appetite:Poor appetite or overeating
2. Sleep: Insomnia or hypersomnia
3. Low energy or Fatigue
4. Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions
5. Low self-esteem
6. Feelings of hopelessness

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14
Q

Criterion C for Persistent Depressive Disorder?

A

During the depressed period of more than 2 years the person has never been without the symptoms in criteria A and B for more than 2 mo at a time

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15
Q

How many major depressive episodes are needed for at diagnosis of major depressive disorder?

A

Can be diagnosed with a single episode. If diagnosing “recurrent” then there needs to be 2 or more with at least 2 consecutive months of not meeting MDE criteria inbetween.

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16
Q

Criterion E for Persistent Depressive Disorder?

A

There has never been a manic or hypomanic episode, and criteria for cyclothymic disorder have never been met

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17
Q

What is Criterion A for Generalized Anxiety Disorder? How often must it occur? For how long?

A

A: Excessive Anxiety and worry about a number of events or activities (e.g., work or school performance)

Occurs more days than not
At least 6 months

18
Q

What is Criterion B for Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

A

Difficult to control the worry

19
Q

What is Criterion C for Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

How often/long?

A

At least 3 of the following 6 symptoms:
1. Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge
2. Easily fatigued
3. Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank
4. Irritability
5. Muscle tension
6. Sleep disturbance

At least some of the symptoms being present more days than for for the past 6 months

20
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder?

A
  1. Fear of social or performance situations in which one is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others. Fear of being negatively evaluated in a way that may be humiliating, embarrassing, or lead to rejection (e.g. public speaking, initiating or maintaining conversation, dating, eating in public)
  2. Feared situations are avoided or endured with intense anxiety, causing significant distress or impairment

At least 6 months

21
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder criterion A

A

Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both

22
Q

How are obsessions defined?

A
  1. Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted
  2. The person attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts urges or images or to neutralize them with some other thought or action (e.g., performing a compulsion)
23
Q

How are compulsions defined?

A
  1. Repetitive behaviours or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly
  2. The behaviour or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation (BUT they are not connected in a realistic way to what they are supposed to neutralize or prevent, or they are clearly excessive)
24
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder criterion B

A

the obsessions or compulsions are time-consuming (e.g. take >1 h/d) or cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

25
Q

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Criterion A

A

exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one (or more) of the following ways:
1. directly experiencing the traumatic event(s)
2. witnessing, in person, the event(s) as it occurred to others
3. learning that the traumatic event(s) occurred to a close family member or close friend; in cases
of actual or threatened death of a family member or friend, the event(s) must have been violent
or accidental
4. experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event(s) (e.g.
first responders collecting human remains: police officers repeatedly exposed to details of
child abuse)

26
Q

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Criterion B

A

INTRUSION (1 or more)

  1. recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic event(s)
  2. recurrent distressing dreams in which the content and/or affect of the dream are related to the
    traumatic event(s)
  3. dissociative reactions (e.g. flashbacks) in which the individual feels or acts as if the traumatic event(s) were recurring
  4. intense or prolonged psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event(s)
  5. marked physiological reactions to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event(s)
27
Q

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Criterion C

A

AVOIDANCE (1 or both)

  1. avoidance of or efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event(s)
  2. avoidance of or efforts to avoid external reminders (people, places, conversations, activities, objects, situations) that arouse distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event(s)
28
Q

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Criterion D

A

Feelings/Cognitions (2 or more)

  1. inability to remember an important aspect of the traumatic event(s)
  2. persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs or expectations about oneself, others, or the world
  3. persistent, distorted cognitions about the cause or consequences of the traumatic event(s) that
    lead the individual to blame himself/herself or others
  4. persistent negative emotional state (e.g. fear, horror, anger, guilt, or shame)
  5. markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities
  6. feelings of detachment or estrangement from others
  7. persistent inability to experience positive emotions
29
Q

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Criterion E

A

Arousal/Reactivity (2 or more)

  1. irritable behaviour and angry outbursts (with little or no provocation)
  2. exaggerated startle response
  3. hypervigilance
  4. reckless or self-destructive behaviour
  5. problems with concentration
  6. sleep disturbance
30
Q

How long must symptoms persist for a PTSD diagnosis?

A

More than 1 month

31
Q

What are Cluster A Personality disorders?

A

The odd, eccentric cluster. It includes Paranoid Personality Disorder, Schizoid Personality Disorder, and Schizotypal Personality Disorders. The common features of Cluster A Personality Disorders are social awkwardness and social isolation or withdrawal

32
Q

What are Cluster B Personality disorders?

A

Dramatic/erratic
- BPD
- Histrionic personality disorder
- Narcissistic personality Disorder
- Antisocial personality Disorder

33
Q

What are Cluster C Personality disorders?

A

Anxious/inhibited (isolation, avoidance)
- Avoidant Personality Disorder
- Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
- Dependent Personality Disorder

34
Q

BPD Symptom Criteria

A

A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects; marked impulsivity

Diagnosis requires 5+ of: IMPULSIVE

  1. Impulsive (minimum of 2 self-damaging ways, e.g. sex/drugs/spending)
  2. Mood/affect instability
  3. Paranoia or dissociation under stress
  4. Unstable self-image
  5. Labile intense relationships (extremes of idealization and devaluation)
  6. Suicidal gestures/self-harm
  7. Inappropriate anger
  8. (a)Voiding abandonment (real or imagined, frantic efforts to)
  9. Emptiness (feelings of)
    (Note: More frequently diagnosed in females but research suggests equal gender distribution)
35
Q

General Personality Disorder Criteria

A
  1. An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture; manifested in two or more of: cognition, affect, interpersonal functioning, impulse control
  2. inflexible and pervasive across a range of situations
  3. pattern is stable and well-established by adolescence or early adulthood (i.e. not a sudden onset)
36
Q

How many symptoms are needed for an ADHD diagnosis by type?

For older adolescents and adults?

A
  1. combined type: ≥6 symptoms of inattention and ≥6 symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity
  2. predominantly inattentive type: ≥6 symptoms of inattention
  3. predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type: ≥6 symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity

For 17 or older, 5 or more criteria

37
Q

List the inattentive symptoms of ADHD?

A
  1. Attention: Cannot sustain attention in tasks or play
  2. Avoids and/or dislikes tasks that require sustained mental effort
  3. Does not listen when spoken to directly
  4. Fails to complete tasks
  5. Disorganized
  6. Forgetful
  7. Loses things necessary for tasks or activities
  8. Careless mistakes
  9. Distractible
38
Q

List the hyperactivity symptoms of ADHD?

A
  1. Fidgets, squirms in seat
  2. Leaves seat when expected to remain seated
  3. Runs and climbs excessively
  4. Cannot play quietly
  5. “On the go”, driven by a motor
  6. Talks excessively
39
Q

List the impulsivity symptoms of ADHD?

A
  1. Blurts out answers before questions completed
  2. Difficulty awaiting turn
  3. Interrupts/intrudes on others
40
Q

Explain Barkley’s conceptualization of ADHD

A

ADHD is disorder of self-regulation and executive function

41
Q
A

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