Crit Care 2: Page 66-75 Flashcards
Two things to do to minimize ICU weakness
early mobilization and management if hyperglycemia
Two measurements indicating decreased oxygenation
Decreased O2 saturation
Wide A-a
Inspiratory stridor suggests obstruction where?,
at or above the vocal cords
expiratory stridor and wheezing suggest?
an intrathoracic process
Main causes of shunts
alveolar collapse (atelectasis) and alveolar filling with blood, cells, protein, or water
____ is the most common complication after smoke inhalation
Pneumonia, especially from Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species.
cholinesterase inhibitor exposure treatment
high-dose atropine is administered until bronchorrhea and bronchospasm are controlled.
What general finding on histology in ARDS
diffuse alveolar damage
Clinical features of Ammonia toxicity
Cough, upper airway burns, pulmonary edema, asphyxiation in poorly vented areas
Clinical features of Chlorine toxicity
Upper airway irritation and burns, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema
Clinical features of phosgene toxicity
Systemic toxicity, including elevated methemoglobin level, cyanosis, and metabolic acidosis; pulmonary edema
Clinical features of musard gas toxicity
Upper airways burns and obstruction can occur
Clinical features of organophosphates inhibitor toxicity
Systemic toxicity causing acetylcholine toxicity (rhinorrhea, bronchorrhea, diarrhea, bronchospasm, bradycardia, flaccid paralysis, apnea)
Six direct pulmonary injuries that are common causes of ARDS
Aspiration of gastric contents
Fat embolism
Near drowning
Pneumonia (including viral causes such as COVID-19)
Smoke or chemical inhalation
Thoracic trauma/thoracic contusion
Six indirect pulmonary injuries that are common causes of ARDS
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Nonthoracic trauma
Pancreatitis
Pulmonary reperfusion injury (after lung transplantation)
Sepsis/septic shock
Transfusion of blood products