Crisis Management Flashcards
What type of bulk explosives detection technology is often built into fixed sites, sometimes in a building all to itself?
High energy x-ray, or GammaRay devices that use radioactivity rather than an x-ray tube. These are often used for detection of explosives in vehicles and cargo containers.
For effective bulk explosives detection, how often must a person be screened by low-dose backscatter x-ray devices?
Twice.
What bulk explosives detection technology works by determining the nitrogen content of a material via detecting gamma rays of a specific wavelength?
Thermal neutron activation devices.
What bulk explosives detection technology uses pulsed low energy radio waves to determine the presence of nitrogen rich materials?
Quadrupole resonance.
What are the main types of trace explosives detection?
Ion mobility spectrometry, Colorimetry, Chemiluminescence, Mass spectrometry, Florescence, Canine olfaction.
What technology is considered the gold standard of trace explosives detection but is hampered by high costs, high maintenance requirements, and the need for expert operators?
Mass spectrometry.
The logical beginning of emergency management is developing a plan that does what four things?
Defines emergency in terms relevant to the organization,
Establishes an organization to perform emergency related tasks,
Establishes a method for using available resources and obtaining additional resources in an emergency.
Provides a means for moving operations into and back out of emergency mode.
What is sometimes referred to as the private sector version of emergency management?
Business continuity.
What are the four elements of emergency management?
Mitigation,
Preparedness,
Response,
Recovery.
What are the three primary objectives of emergency management?
Minimize the probability of an emergency,
Mitigate the impact of an emergency,
Recovery from the emergency and resume normal operations.
What are the three types of emergency operations plans?
All hazards,
Standalone (different for each emergency),
Combination of all hazards and standalone.
How often should an emergency operations plan be audited?
At least annually. Evaluations should occur after drills, emergencies, personnel changes, facility design changes, and policy changes.
Why are emergency management tests and exercises conducted?
To check work ability of plan,
To determine levels of staff awareness and training,
To evaluate emergency communications,
To identify shortcomings in evacuation procedures.
What are the four types of emergency drill formats?
Tabletop exercise,
Evacuation/shelter in place drill,
Plan walk-through,
Full exercise with outside response agencies.
Who should be assigned the role of an organizations emergency coordinator?
Someone regularly responsible for handling emergencies, such as the head of security or engineering.
Which departments should be represented in helping the emergency coordinator organize an emergency plan?
At the minimum, the following departments should assist: Legal, Personnel, Medical, Transportation, Public relations, Facility engineering, IT, Security.
What are the five elements of the incident command system?
Command, Operations, Planning, Logistics, Finance and administration.
Which departments/roles should be represented on a crisis management team?
Senior management, public affairs, facilities engineering, safety and occupational health, resource management, chaplain, plans and operations, human resources, security, legal, logistics, employee union.
Who should have access to the emergency telephone numbers of key personnel?
Staff in control centers,
Senior personnel with plan implementation responsibilities.
What is a mutual aid association?
A mutual aid association is an arrangement by which businesses and other organizations agree to assist each other by providing materials, equipment, and personnel for disaster control during emergencies.
Who should be responsible for shutting down equipment in an emergency?
Those already familiar with the process.
What is a business impact analysis (BIA)?
A BIA is a tool used to:
Identify an entity’s critical functions,
Assess the impact of a disaster or other emergency on those functions over time,
Determine the other elements of the business on which those critical functions depend,
Help develop and prioritize recovery strategies.
What are the four approaches to terrorism analysis?
Multicausal,
Political,
Organizational,
Psychological.
What type of extremists pose the most dangerous threat to the world today?
Global jihadists.
What is the principal form of terrorist activity?
Bombings with conventional explosives are the principle form of terrorist activity, but the probability of future attacks using chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) materials is increasing.
What is the most dramatic recent development in individual weaponry?
Precision guided munitions, or man portable air defense systems (MANPADS).
What is the effect of range of MANPADS?
1 to 3.5 km (0.62 to 2.2 miles).
What are the four elements required for a bombing?
Motive,
Material,
Knowledge,
Opportunity.
What is the likelihood, from most to least likely, of the five types of bomb incidents?
Unattended item, Bomb threat, Hazardous mail, Bomb, Post blast.
What are the four principles of bomb security?
Preventing a bomb from entering the site,
Early detection of bomb incidents,
Appropriate response measures,
Careful facility design.
What security measures can help prevent or limit the effect of bombings if sufficient standoff distance is impossible?
Video surveillance,
Security patrols.
What are the five Rs of bomb threat evaluation?
Receive, Record, Report, Review, Respond.
What is the key question in a bomb threat assessment?
Could the threatener have done what was claimed (E.g. put a bomb on the premises)?
With whom should a person who receives a bomb threat discuss the incident?
Only with the bomb threat evaluation team.
Which staff should be taught how to receive, record, and report bomb threats?
All staff should be educated and what to do if they receive a bomb threat.
All staff who deal with the public should be taught how to receive, record and report bomb threats.
To whom should all bomb threats be referred?
All bomb threats should be referred to the organizations threat coordinator.
What is the most important and most difficult phase of bomb threat evaluation?
The review phase, when the threat is evaluated.
Should the deliberations of a threat evaluation team be recorded?
Yes, deliberations should be recorded to assist with subsequent investigations, to justify actions taken, and to provide a basis for future training and process reviews.
What are the four main consequences of a bomb on site?
Explosion,
Disrupted operations,
Injuries during evacuation,
Concern by staff and others about how the incident was managed.
What are the three most effective measures for preventing a bomb from getting on site?
Access control of members of the public,
Mail screening,
Observant staff and public.
What are two ways to protect oneself from a bomb explosion?
Distance,
Cover.
What are the four steps to responding to a bomb?
Report the incident,
Confirm that the item is a bomb,
Evacuate if it is a bomb,
Supervise shut down and evacuation per emergency procedures.
How far should evacuation assembly areas be from a facility, if possible?
300 m (328 yards). The assembly area should be behind solid cover, not in direct line of sight of the bomb, and not facing or under windows.
When a bomb threat is made, under what conditions should a search be conducted?
If there is a reasonable belief that a bomb is on site and there is adequate time before the deadline.
What is the ultimate value of incident reporting?
Incident reporting creates opportunities for avoiding future incidents, events, and losses through planning, employee awareness training, and Security enhancements.
What inexpensive mail screening tool may damage documents inside envelopes or weaken package wrapping, thus increasing the hazard?
Transparency sprays.
What mail screening technology, which can also scan for drugs, is best used for secondary screening?
Explosive detectors.
Under what conditions should a package deemed hazardous be placed in a container?
Never.
What are the two goals when dealing with possible chemical and biological (CB) mail attacks?
Limit distribution of the material,
Look after any staff who have been exposed.
What are the four bomb search types?
Occupant (e.g. office, factory),
Warden (e.g. mall, museum),
Team,
High risk.
How many people should be on a bomb search team?
Two.
What is the first step for a bomb search team when entering a room or space?
Stop just inside the entrance and look and listen to become acclimated to the area.
What are the six sub classifications of the United Nations classification of hazardous items?
HC 1.1 = primary hazard is a blast,
HC 1.2 = primary hazard is fragmentation,
HC 1.3 = primary hazard is fire,
HC 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 = Hazards are reduced by packaging or design.
What are the three basic types of explosions?
Mechanical,
Chemical,
Nuclear.
What are the three primary products of an explosion?
Blast,
Fragmentation,
Heat.
On what three variables does the nature of a bomb blast wave depend?
Type of explosive and method of donation,
Location,
Packaging or confinement.
At what distance from bombs is someone at high risk of death?
Explosive weight bomb. Distance
2kg (4.4 lb). 1.2 meters (4 feet)
5kg (11 lb) 1.75 meters (6 feet)
10kg (22 lb). 2.2 meters (7 feet)
25kg (55 lb). 3 meters (10 feet)
In what situation is probability of death higher: a 10 kg (22 pound) bomb at 10 m (33 feet), or a 20 kg (44 pound) Bomb at 20 m (66 feet)?
A 10 kg bomb at 10 m brings a 28% probability of death, a 20 kg bomb at 20 m carries an 8.5% probability of death.
What are the two principal considerations when choosing a planning format for emergencies?
Plan dissemination,
Plant maintenance.
How can an organization without an incident database gain some benefits of a database?
By developing an asset protection plan.
Should the business continuity plan be part of an organization’s emergency operations plan?
No, they should be maintained as separate plans.
What are the key tenets of effective incident reporting forms?
Design a good report form,
Teach security staff how to use it,
Promptly collect data and conduct initial analysis,
Produce periodic management reports.
To which departments should incident reports be distributed?
Security, Insurance, Property accounting, Legal, Auditing, Originator.
