Criminology Vs. Victimology Flashcards
Study of crime as a social phenomenon. It is the science upon which victimology is based.
Criminology
The study from the victim’s perspective of the victim, the offender, and society.
Victimology
1st known attempt to establish written code of conduct.
Restoration of equity between victim and offender.
Code of Hammurabi
Based on Ten Commandments. Became basis for many of our laws.
Mosaic Code
True or false: not all commadments are used to establish societal laws.
True
Laws that regulated morality and were based on the commandment not to commit adultery and homosexuality
Blue Laws
Legal precedents & past decisions related to current case.
Common Law
Who is a Victim?
Type and extent of injury; Questionable connection of injury to offender’s conduct; whether victim was at fault in criminal transaction.
Emergence of victimology
Emerged in 1940s and 1950s; gained momentum in 1980s- citizens became more fearful of violent crime and groups consequently calling for more astringent punishment. ; today states continue to enact laws giving victims more opportunity to participate in criminal justice system
Major contributing factors to victims rights
Feminist movement, development of civil rights laws, growing conservatism regarding crime
Made society more aware of the centuries of discrimination and violence directed against women
Feminist movement
Again as a small group of volunteers who themselves were crime victims and who had been victimized a second time as a result of their involvement with criminal justice system
Victims right s movement
Organizations of victims rights movement
Parents of murder children (POMC) 1978; mothers against drunk drivers (MADD) 1980, victims of crime act (VOCA) 1984 & office for victims of crime and crime victims fund (OVC)
Additional laws pertaining to victims rights
1994 violent crime control and law enforcement act, title 4 of that law is entitled the violence against women act (VAWA)
