Criminology Unit 4 (Crime and Punishment)

Question 1

what is the constitutional stage ?

Answer 1

When a problem is introduced and a green paper is created as a first draft. A white paper is introduced later with more concrete ideas. This then creates a bill

Question 2

What is a first reading ?

Answer 2

A bills title is read out and discussed

Question 3

What is a second reading?

Answer 3

When MP’s discuss the main principles within the bill, it is voted on and will then go to the house of lords

Question 4

What is the committee stage ?

Answer 4

Ammendments are made and voted on

Question 5

What is the Report stage ?

Answer 5

Members review any changes made and add any other suggestions

Question 6

What is the third reading ?

Answer 6

MP’s read the bill for a third time and discuss what the bills final form will look like

Question 7

What is the royal assent ?

Answer 7

The royal assent is when the bill turns into an act and the monarchy signs and approves the bill

Question 8

What is judicial precedent

Answer 8

When a brand-new case occurs, and a decision should be made with judgement (only supreme courts can decide not to follow the law)

Question 9

What is statutory interpretation?

Answer 9

When senior judges interpret words and phrases given to them to make sure they are in agreement

Question 10

Who are the police?

Answer 10

> The police give caution or a warning

> Give a fine (penalty)

> Give community resolution

Question 11

What do the Crown Prosecution Service do?

Answer 11

Their job is to prosecute offenders, they do this through two tests

1. Evidential stage -> question whether there is enough evidence
2. Public interest stage -> is it in the public interest to bring the case to court.

Question 12

What is the role of the CPS?

Answer 12

> Determining the charge of all but minor cases
Reviewing submitted evidence sent by the police
Advice the police within an early investigation
Present cases to court

Question 13

What is the role of a Judge?

Answer 13

> Punishing the offender
Protect the public
Change the offenders behaviour
Cut crime in the future

Question 14

What are the different forms of sentencing?

Answer 14

> Court fine
Community service
Prison sentence
Discharge
Fear of punshment

Question 15

What are aggravating factors?

Answer 15

Factor that goes against an offender, these can increase a person’s sentence

Question 16

What are Mitigating factors?

Answer 16

They are the factors that support an offender in court, this could lead to a reduced sentence ( up to a third)

Question 17

What is the house of Lords?

Answer 17

The House of Lords is a group of unelected members that are appointed by the monarchy themselves

Question 18

Who are MPs?

Answer 18

They are members of parliament that are voted into parliament by the public

Question 19

How can the public use their voice to create laws

Answer 19

They can use their voice by voting, protests, signing petition

Question 20

What is a bill?

Answer 20

A policy to be introduced to the public, the document is first presented to parliament

Question 21

What is an act?

Answer 21

An act is a bill that has gained the royal assent

Question 22

What is the structure of the courts ?

Answer 22

Supreme Court
↓
Court of Appeal
↓
High Court Crown Court
↓
Magistrate Court County/family

Question 23

The police and their relationship

Answer 23

They ensure the courts that the defendants are brought before them.
They work closely with the CPS to charge and prosecute offenders

Question 24

Ministry of Justice and their relationships

Answer 24

Oversee the work of HM Courts and tribunals service, probation service and prison systems

Question 25

HM Courts and Tribunals and their relationships

Answer 25

Work with the ministry of justice who collaborate with other organisations

Question 26

Crown Prosecution Service and there relationships

Answer 26

Advise the police when charging offenders. Also work with the magistrates to check the suitability of bail to the trail

Question 27

HM Prison Service and their relationships

Answer 27

Work with probation services when a prisoner is about to be released

Question 28

National Probation Service and their relationships

Answer 28

Police will arrest a prisoner that is recalled on probation and ensure that they return to prison