Criminology Unit 4 (Crime and Punishment) Flashcards
what is the constitutional stage ?
When a problem is introduced and a green paper is created as a first draft. A white paper is introduced later with more concrete ideas. This then creates a bill
What is a first reading ?
A bills title is read out and discussed
What is a second reading?
When MP’s discuss the main principles within the bill, it is voted on and will then go to the house of lords
What is the committee stage ?
Ammendments are made and voted on
What is the Report stage ?
Members review any changes made and add any other suggestions
What is the third reading ?
MP’s read the bill for a third time and discuss what the bills final form will look like
What is the royal assent ?
The royal assent is when the bill turns into an act and the monarchy signs and approves the bill
What is judicial precedent
When a brand-new case occurs, and a decision should be made with judgement (only supreme courts can decide not to follow the law)
What is statutory interpretation?
When senior judges interpret words and phrases given to them to make sure they are in agreement
Who are the police?
> The police give caution or a warning
> Give a fine (penalty)
> Give community resolution
What do the Crown Prosecution Service do?
Their job is to prosecute offenders, they do this through two tests
- Evidential stage -> question whether there is enough evidence
- Public interest stage -> is it in the public interest to bring the case to court.
What is the role of the CPS?
> Determining the charge of all but minor cases
Reviewing submitted evidence sent by the police
Advice the police within an early investigation
Present cases to court
What is the role of a Judge?
> Punishing the offender
Protect the public
Change the offenders behaviour
Cut crime in the future
What are the different forms of sentencing?
> Court fine
Community service
Prison sentence
Discharge
Fear of punshment
What are aggravating factors?
Factor that goes against an offender, these can increase a person’s sentence
What are Mitigating factors?
They are the factors that support an offender in court, this could lead to a reduced sentence ( up to a third)
What is the house of Lords?
The House of Lords is a group of unelected members that are appointed by the monarchy themselves
Who are MPs?
They are members of parliament that are voted into parliament by the public
How can the public use their voice to create laws
They can use their voice by voting, protests, signing petition
What is a bill?
A policy to be introduced to the public, the document is first presented to parliament
What is an act?
An act is a bill that has gained the royal assent
What is the structure of the courts ?
Supreme Court
↓
Court of Appeal
↓
High Court Crown Court
↓
Magistrate Court County/family
The police and their relationship
They ensure the courts that the defendants are brought before them.
They work closely with the CPS to charge and prosecute offenders
Ministry of Justice and their relationships
Oversee the work of HM Courts and tribunals service, probation service and prison systems
HM Courts and Tribunals and their relationships
Work with the ministry of justice who collaborate with other organisations
Crown Prosecution Service and there relationships
Advise the police when charging offenders. Also work with the magistrates to check the suitability of bail to the trail
HM Prison Service and their relationships
Work with probation services when a prisoner is about to be released
National Probation Service and their relationships
Police will arrest a prisoner that is recalled on probation and ensure that they return to prison
