criminology sociological theories

Question 1

name all sociological theories

Answer 1

interactionism-labelling
realism-left and right
social structure- functionalism +marxism

Question 2

what 3 main elements do marxists view crime to have

Answer 2

capitalism
law making and law enforcement are biased
law performs ideological functions

Question 3

how do they describe crime

Answer 3

crime is inevitable because capitalism is a criminogenic system (crime causing

Question 4

what does william chambliss argue

Answer 4

there’s laws made to protect the private property of the rich but there’s laws against the homelesss squatting empty houses, but no laws against the rich owning severeal houses

Question 5

what’s selective enforcement

Answer 5

makes it all as if the crime is the fault of w/c, shifts attention away from much more serious ruling class crime and encourages workers to blame w/c for their problems

Question 6

who talks about functionalism

Answer 6

durkheim

Question 7

how does functionalism see society

Answer 7

stable structure on shared norms and values which produces solid solidarity

Question 8

what does durkheim state abt crime

Answer 8

crime is inevitable as some individuals are inadequately socialised and likely to deviate

Question 9

what are the 4 functions of crime

Answer 9

boundary maintenance
social change
safety valve
warning light

Question 10

what’s boundary maintenance

Answer 10

crime thay produces a reaction from society thay invites society’s members to turn against the offender, reaffirms their shared values

Question 11

what’s social change

Answer 11

for society to progress , individuals with new ideas must challenge existing norms and values and at fjrst will be seen as deviance

Question 12

what’s an example of social change

Answer 12

home sexuality

Question 13

what’s safety valve

Answer 13

David argues that prostitution acts to release mens sexual frustration without threatening nuclear family

Question 14

what is warning light

Answer 14

deviation indicates that societ is not working properly

Question 15

what does mertons strain theory say

Answer 15

societ is unable to provide legitimate means for all to achieve succes, some people’s opportunities are blocked becuase of poverty

Question 16

what’s conformity

Answer 16

accepting socially approached goals and legitimate ways of achieving them

Question 17

what’s innovation

Answer 17

accepts social goals but uses illegitimate means to achieve them

Question 18

whay do they believe the root of crime is

Answer 18

unequal structure of society

Question 19

what does cohen argue

Answer 19

he agrees with merton that deviance results from the lower class’ failure howveer he sees it as a group response not individual

Question 20

name the 3 subcultures

Answer 20

criminal
conflict
retreatist

Question 21

what’s criminal subcultures

Answer 21

these arise where there is a long standing professional criminal network

Question 22

what’s conflict subcultures

Answer 22

these arise where the only criminal opportunities are within street groups

Question 23

what’s retreatist subcultures

Answer 23

made up of dropouts who have failed in both legitimate and illegitimate opportunity structure