Criminology - Exam #1

Question 1

When did victimology emerge as a subfield of criminology?

Answer 1

The 1970s

Question 2

What sources of crime data helped contribute to the development of victimology as subfield of study?

Question 3

What is victim-offender overlap?

Question 4

Why is the distinction between victim and offender often blurred?

Answer 4

Demographic Characteristics are similar for both the offender and victims.
Causal link in which offending may cause someone to retaliate and exacerbates the risk of victimization

Question 5

Which theories emerged in the late 1970s, in part as explanations of victimization patterns?

Question 6

According to NCVS data, how common is the non-reporting of crime to the police? For which crime types is non-reporting the greatest? For which crimes is non-reporting the lowest?

Question 7

What is the profile of the most likely crime victim?

Question 8

Describe victim precipitation theory? Which kinds of victimization does it help us to understand?

Question 9

Describe lifestyles theory. What specific empirical patterns was it created to explain?

Question 10

Describe routine activities theory. What specific empirical patterns/trends was it created to explain?

Question 11

Based on recent victimization data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), how did rates of property and violent crime in 2020 compare to 2019? Also, how does this trend compare to the 2019 to 2020 change in homicide rates from the UCR?

Question 12

In a general sense, do trends in workplace violence differ from trends in violence in U.S. society over the past few decades?

Question 13

Compare rates of nonfatal workplace violence for government and private sector employees between 1994-2011. How might we best explain the differences?

Question 14

For which occupations is workplace violent victimization most common?

Question 15

Overall, how does the level of workplace violence compare to the level on non-workplace violence? Why the differences?

Question 16

What method of killing is most common in workplace homicide?

Question 17

Most workplace homicides are committed by whom?

Question 18

How does the prevalence of this method of killing in the workplace compare to the prevalence of this method of murder in our society more generally?

Question 19

Are patterns/trends of violent death in schools a good or poor reflection of school violence more generally? Explain.

Question 20

Data from the School Associated Violent Death Surveillance System (SAVD-SS) tell us what about recent trends in single-victim youth homicide?

Question 21

Data from the School Associated Violent Death Surveillance System (SAVD-SS) tell us what about recent trends in multiple-victim youth homicide?

Question 22

Using 2017 NCVS data, compare victimization rates of people 12-18 in school and out-of-school.

Question 23

What are the recent time trends in both violent and property crime victimization in schools?

Question 24

According to NCVS from 2017, being threatened or injured with a weapon on school property has been most prevalent for which racial/ethnic group? Can you explain the higher prevalence rate for this group?

Question 25

How prevalent is teachers being threatened by students?

Question 26

Compare the prevalence of “lifetime contact sexual violence” for males and females, according to the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey.

Question 27

What is stalking?

Question 28

What kinds of behaviors do stalkers engage in?

Question 29

Where are human trafficking victims most commonly taken from and where are they trafficked to?

Question 30

What are two possible explanations of the fact that some individuals seem predisposed to repeated victimization experiences?

Question 31

Describe two major consequences or costs of victimization.