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criminology Flashcards

1
Q

May be defined as a study and investigation of crime and criminals andconcerned with application of knowledge regarding crime to social programs of crime prevention and control

A

criminology

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2
Q

The process which explain human behavior, the experiences which helpdetermine the nature of a person’s as a mechanism that factors or experiencesin connection thereto impinges differentially upon different personalitiesproducing conflict which is the aspect of crime.

A

criminogenic process

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3
Q

The study of mental processes of criminal in action; the study of the genesis,development and motivation of human behavior that conflicts with acceptednorms and standards of society, this study concentrates on the study of individuals as opposed to general studies of mass populations with respect totheir general criminal behavior.

A

Criminal Psychodynamics

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4
Q

A disease associated with prenatal thyroid deficiency and subsequent thyroidinactivity, marked by physical deformities, arrested development goiter, andvarious forms of mental retardation, including imbecility

A

cretinism

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5
Q

A reported instance of a crime recorded in a systematic classification

A

crime statistics

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6
Q

A clash between societies because of contrary, beliefs or substantial variancesin their respecting customs. Language, institutions, habits, learning, traditions,etc

A

cultural conflict

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7
Q

A collective term of mental disorders that begin at or shortly after puberty andusually lead to general failure of the mental facilities, with the correspondingphysiological impairment.

A

dementia praecox

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8
Q

In medical jurisprudence, a false belief about the self, caused by morbidity,present in paranoia and dementia praecox.

A

delusion

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9
Q

A noncriminal person who commits a crime when under extreme emotionalstress; a person who breaks down and commits a crime as a single incidentduring the regular course of natural and normal events.

A

episodic criminal

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10
Q

a morbid propensity to love or make love; incontrollable sexual desire, orexcessive sexual craving by members of either sex

A

erotomania

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11
Q

as reposed to introvert, a person highly adapted to living in and derivingsatisfaction from external world; he is interested in people and things thanideas, values and theories. He likes people being around them and being likedby them.

A

extrovert

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12
Q

It signifies the release from life given a sufferer from an incurable and painfuldisease

A

euthanasia

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13
Q

n medical jurisprudence; an apparent perception without any correspondingexternal object especially in psychiatry, any of the numerous sensations,auditory visual or tactile, experienced without external stimulus, and cause bymental derangement, intoxication or fever, hence maybe a sign of approachinginsanity.

A

hallucination

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14
Q

t may be a transmission of physical characteristics, mental traits; tendency todisease, etc. from parents to offspring. In genetics, the tendency manifested byan organism to develop in the likeness of an progenitor due to the transmissionof genes on the reproductive process.

A

heredity

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15
Q

an individual with strongly self-centered patterns of emotion fantasy, andthought.

A

introvert

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16
Q

An uncontrollable morbid propensity to steal, or pathological stealing. Thesymptoms of this disease usually consist of peculiar motives for stealing andhoarding.

A

kleptomania

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17
Q

A morbid mainly characterized by a deep and morbid sense of religious feeling.

A

manila fanatic

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18
Q

A condition of sexual perversion in which a person derives pleasure from beingcruelly treated.

A

masochism

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19
Q

a mental disorder characterized by excessive brooding and depression of spirits. Typical manic-depressive psychosis, accompanied with delusions andhallucinations.

A

melancholia

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20
Q

a mental disorder in which the subject thinks himself great or exalted.

A

megalomania

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21
Q

morbid craving, usually of an erotic nature for dead bodies. It is also a form of perversion where sexual gratification is achieved either through sexualintercourse with or mutilation of dead body.

A

neurophism

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22
Q

this is a term applied to a specialist in a study of mental disorders; sometimesinterchangeably used with psychiatrist.

A

alienist

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23
Q

It is a science devoted to the study of mankind and its development inrelationship to its physical, mental and culture history

A

anthropology

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24
Q

it is a morbid fear of one’s self or of being alone

A

autophobia/monophobia

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25
Q

in criminology, a measuring or calculating of the probable duration of humanlife; the attempt to correlate the frequency of crime between parents andchildren or brothers and sisters (siblings)

A

biometry

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26
Q

A person’s biological heritage, plus his environment and social heritage,influence his social activity. It is through the reciprocal actions of his biologicaland social heritage that a person’s personality is developed.

A

biosocial behavior

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27
Q

An English statistician, who studies the case histories of 2,000 convicts. Hefound that heredity is more influential as a determiner of criminal behavior thanenvironment.

A

charles goring

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28
Q

A person who originated the system of classifying criminals according to bodilymeasurements. Because human skeleton is unchangeable after the twentiethyear and because no two individuals are alike in all dimensions; this method of identification received prominence in 1880’s

A

alphonse bertillion

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29
Q

The world’s famous criminologists who advocated the Positivist Theory, thatcrime is essentially a social and moral phenomenon and it cannot be treatedand checked by the imposition of punishment. Hence, a criminal is just anyother person who is sick, that should be treated in hospital for his possiblerehabilitation and reformation.

A

cesare lombroso

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30
Q

A sexual desire of an adult for children. This adult may obtain sexualgratification from various forms of sexual intimacies and with the young

A

phedophilia

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31
Q

it has been considered as the “cradle of human personality” for in it the childforms the fundamental attitudes and habits that endure throughout his life.

A

home

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32
Q

It is a strategic position to prevent crime and delinquency. It receives humwhen he is young, observes, supervise and teaches him for many hours eachweek during some of his most impressionable years.

A

discriminalization

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33
Q

A statement that we would have no crime if we had no criminal laws and thatwe could eliminate all crime merely by abolishing all criminal law.

A

logomachy

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34
Q

any record of crimes, such as crimes known to the police, arrests, convictions,or commitments to prison.

A

crime index

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35
Q

Another Italian Criminologist who developed a concept of the natural crime anddefined it as a violation of the prevalent sentiments of pity and probity.

A

garofalo

36
Q

An author in criminology, who advocated the theory that “feeblemindednessinherited as Mendelian unit, cause crime for the reason that feeblemindedperson is unable to appreciate the meaning of law

A

H.H.goddard

37
Q

A test applied to determine whether a person accused of a crime was sane at the time of its commission and, therefore, criminally responsible for the wrongdoing. The M’Naghten rule is a test for criminal insanity.

A

M naghten rule

38
Q

One family tree that contradicted the theory that criminality is inherited; a famous preacher inthe colo-nial period; none of his descendants were found to be criminals, while many were presidents of theUnited States, governor of states members of the supreme court and of other high courts, anfamouswriters, preachers and teachers. That his ancestors did have criminal records, his maternalgrandmother was divorced on the ground of adultery, his grand uncle murdered his own sister.

A

jonathan edwards family

39
Q

mother of criminals

A

ada jukes (margaret brown)

40
Q

Crime rates not only vary from one relation to another but also generally among the severalsections of each nation. Such that the rate of convictions for homicides per million population varies widelyin dif-ferent regions in the whole of the Philppines.

A

regionalism

41
Q

It is means of disseminating techniques of delinquencies, of training in delinquency, of protecting itsmembers engaged in delinquency, and of maintaining continuity in delinquency.

A

gang

42
Q

One of the most obvious elements in the delinquency of some children is the criminalisticbehavior of other members of the child’s family

A

rural criminality

43
Q

he modification of home conditions by death, divorce or desertion has generally been believedto bean important reason for delinquency of the children.

A

broken home

44
Q

It is considered as four times as important as poverty in the home in relation to delinquency;that it fallsmost frequently because of indifference and neglect

A

home discipline

45
Q

t includes assessment of those forces resulting from man’s collective survival effort withemphasisupon his institutions, economic, financial, educational, political, religion as we as recreational.

A

sociological and cultural approach

46
Q

The unjust utilization of economic resources sometimes create resentment among individualswhichoften lead them to frustration and develop a feeling of hatred and provocated criminal conductwillresult.

A

economic approach

47
Q

A process which appears in the life history of persisting criminals. This process describes thedevelopment of criminality, with reference first to the general attitudes toward criminality, and second,to thetechniques used in criminal behavior.

A

maturation

48
Q

This may be observed in the interaction between criminals and the public. Thus, a person withcriminalrecord may ostracized in one community but may become a political leader in other communities

A

segregation

49
Q

this process begins with arrest, which is interpreted as defining a person as enemy of society,andwhich calls forth hostile reactions from representative of society prior to and regardless of proof of guiltthat each side tends to drive the other side to greater violence unless it becomes stabilized, ona recognized level

A

progressive conflict

50
Q

When applied to a criminal refers to the following things: the pursuit of crime as a regular day-by-dayoccupation, the development of skilled techniques and careful planning in the occupation, andstatusamong criminals

A

profesionalization

51
Q

this school denied individual responsibility and reflected and essentially non-punitive reactionto crimeand criminality. The adherents of this school maintained that a crime, as any other act, is anatural phe-nomenon, just like a tornado, a flood, typhoon, or a stroke of lightning.

A

positive

52
Q

The country where the last burning at the stake was made until 1786.

A

berlin

53
Q

What nation who pioneered banishment as a form of punishment?

A

ancient rome

54
Q

What nation who pioneered the modern legalization of transportation in 1597, and concerned‘rogues,vagabonds, and study beggars?

A

england

55
Q

The great prison reformer, who wrote “The State of Prisons in England” in 1777

A

john howard

56
Q

It is hereby declared the policy of the state to establish a highly efficient and competent policeforcewhich is national in scope and civilian in character administered and controlled by a nationalpolicecommission.

A

ra 8551

57
Q

A policeman’s nature of appointment under a Waiver Program

A

temporary appointment

58
Q

his is one requirement for Permanent Appointment to the PNP

A

To undergo a field training Program for 12 months involving actual experience andassignmentin Patrol, Traffic and investigation

59
Q

In the police service, it may mean the loss in the personnel of its organization in the normalcourse of events due to attainment of maximum tenure in position, relief for just cause, demotion inposition or rank, non-promotion or separation from the service or retirement.

A

attrition

60
Q

kind of attrition of PNP Members holding key position in the PNP

A

attrition by Attainment of Maximum Tenure in Position

61
Q

n Attrition of any PNP Uniformed personnel for just caused and has not been given anassignmentwithin in two (2) years after, shall be retired o separated

A

attrition by relief

62
Q

An attrition of any PNP Uniformed personnel who has been nailed or has never been movedfrom onerank or position to another for a continuous period of ten(10) years, shall be retired or separated.

A

attrition by non promotion

63
Q

It shall be paid by 50% of the above pay and longevity pay of the retired grade in case of 20years of active service, increasing by 21/2% for every year of active service rendered beyond 20 yearsto amaximum of 90% for 36 years of active service and over. Provided, That, the Uniformedpersonnelshall have the option to receive in advance and in jump sum his retirement ray for the first 5years,which shall be made within 6 months from the effectivity date of retirement and/or completion,andthat the retirement pay of the officers/non-officers of the PNP shall be subject to adjustmentsbased onthe prevailing scale of base pay of police personnel in the active service.

A

Monthly Requirement Benefits

64
Q

A kind of benefit when an officer or non-officer who is permanently and totally disabled as aresults of injuries suffered or sickness contracted in the performance of his duty as duly certified by theNational Police Commission, upon find log and certification by the appropriate medical officer,thatthe extent of the disability or sickness renders such member unit or unable to further performtheduties of his position, shall be entitled to one year’s salary and the lifetime pension equivalentto 80%of his last salary, in addition to other benefits as provided under existing laws

A

permanent physical dissability

65
Q

It is a kind of retirement, where an officer or non-officer shall be upon attainment of age 56,providedin case of any officer with the rank of chief superintendent, director or deputy director general,theCommission may allow his attention in the service for an un extendible period of 1 year

A

compulsary retirement

66
Q

it is a kind of retirement which may be availed of upon accumulation of at least 20 years of satisfactory active service, an officer or non-officer, at his own request and with the approvalof thecommission, shall be retired from the service and entitled to receive benefits provide for bylaw.

A

optional retirement

67
Q

it may mean a filing of a complaint, either criminal or administrative involving the same cause of action filed in two or more different courts of law or quasi-judicial bodies.

A

forum shopping

68
Q

The required number of days when a PNP or officer may be considered as Absent WithoutLeave(AWOL), and who shall be dismissed immediately from the service.

A

Continuous period of 30 days or more

69
Q

they may perform such other labor as may be necessary for hygienic and sanitary reasons

A

detention prisoner

70
Q

May be excused from hard work and place on less strenuous details or works.

A

prisoners of 60 years of age

71
Q

in prison, it is commonly thought of as a procedure to prevent escapes, riots and disorders,and thepunishment of those involved

A

discipline

72
Q

Is that kind of prisoners discipline applied after an offense has been committed, in the sincethat maycases, punishment does not deter.

A

negative discipline

73
Q

It is a general pardon extended to a group of persons and generally exercised by executiveclemencywith the concurrence of the congress.

A

amnesty

74
Q

it is a temporary stay of the execution of the sentence.

A

reprieve

75
Q

t is a disposition under which a defendant after conviction and sentence, is released subjecttoconditions imposed by the court and the supervision of an appropriate authority

A

probation

76
Q

Popularly known as probation for young offender, who is committed to the custody or care of theDepartment of Social Welfare, or to any training institution operated by the Government.

A

pd 603

77
Q

As one of the principal theories of punishment, it rests on the belief that a wrong done must beatoned for by a punishment which compensates for the crime committed, that is balancing the skillof justice to the degree of severity of the crime

A

expiation

78
Q

t is based on the principle that the punishment received by convicted offenders prevent othersform performing similar actions for fear that they will receive similar punishment.

A

deterrence

79
Q

That the essential purpose of punishment is to bring about the moral transformation of thewrong doers that once release from the prison walls he will become once again a law abidingcitizen and useful member of the society.

A

reformation

80
Q

It is written order of the court or any other competent authority consigning an offender to a jailor prison for confinement.

A

commitment order

81
Q

A warrant issued by a court bearing is seal and the signature of the judge, directing the jail or prison authorities to receive inmates for custody or service of sentence imposed therein

A

mittmus

82
Q

It is a program of activity directed to restore an inmate’s self-respect there by making him alaw-abiding citizen after serving his sentence

A

rehabilitation

83
Q

not included in the classification or inmates

A

political prisoners

84
Q

The very place where the first bilibid prison was constructed.

A

may haligue estate

85
Q

It was restablished in Zamboaga for the confinement of political prisoners and was namedafter its founder of the Spanish Royal Amy.

A

san ramon prison and penal farm

86
Q

A penal colony which was envisioned by Governor Forbes was and still is the renown Worldover as the first Open Penal Institution, where the colonist have their families with them with anassigned piece of Land, and are encouraged to cultivate, raise poultry and livestock for their personal use. The products are sold to the Colony Post Exchange.

A

iwahig penal colony

87
Q

The first ever-Philippine Probation Law

A

act 4221

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