Criminal psychology key phrases Flashcards
Operant conditioning
Learning from the consequences of actions
Positive reinforcement
Receiving something pleasant for a behaviour, so we repeat it
Negative reinforcement
The avoidance of something unpleasant for a behaviour, so we repeat it
Primary reinforcers
These satisfy a basic biological need e.g. food, water, shelter
Secondary reinforcers
These have no survival value, so we learned to associate them with primary reinforcers, e.g. money
Positive punishment
Receiving something unpleasant, so we do not do it again
Negative punishment
Removing something pleasant, so we do not do it again
Social learning theory
Behaviour is learned through the observation and imitation of role models
Retention
Able to recall the modeled behaviour
Modelling
Learning a new behaviour through paying attention to, retaining and reproducing the behaviour of a role model
Reproduction
An ability to reproduce behaviour
Observational learning
Learning new behaviours through watching and modelling a role model
Motivation
This increases the likelihood of performing the observed behaviour
Role model
A person we admire or with whom we share similar characteristics
Identification
This occurs in SLT when the learner replicates the behaviour and/or internalises belief
