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criminal psychology Flashcards

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1
Q 
violent offences
(definition)
A

-death(murder)
-physical harm(abuse)
(aggressive crimes resulting in physical harm or death)

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2
Q

drug related offences

definition

A

-dealing illegal substances
-using illegal substances
(trading or using illegal substances)

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3
Q 
acquisitive offences
(definition)
A

-stealing

belongings taken through illegal means

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4
Q 
sexual offences
(definition)
A

(victim is forced to commit to a sexual act against their will)

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5
Q

anti-social offences

definition

A

-graffiti
-littering
-being rowdy in a public place
(can cause distress or harassment to people who do not live with the person )

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6
Q

social construct

A

result of interactions between people who make up a society

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7
Q

deviation from norms

A

when an act or behavior goes against the accepted behavior of a society

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8
Q

culture

A

set of values hat determine the way of life within a group of people

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9
Q

examples of acts that are considered normal but are criminal

A
  • watching age rated films underage
  • speeding
  • watching TV series/films on YouTube
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10
Q

crimes that are dependable on culture

A
  • having guns(legal in America NOT England)

- taking cannabis(legal in America NOT England)

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11
Q

deviation from norms

examples

A

-preaching in the streets

-

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12
Q

Is subjectivity when defining crime an issue?

A 
Steps:
1- define subjectivity
2-issue or not?
3- why??
Subjectivity is when someone is strongly opinionated about the crime. Subjectivity when defining crime IS an issue because if someone is biased when deciding on crime then they may get the incorrect sentence.
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13
Q

official statistics

A

information collected by the Government based on what has been reported and recorded by police

  • can be used to compare increasing and decreasing crimes
  • compare crimes in different places
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14
Q

offender surveys(self-report)

A

criminals report on other crimes they have committed or witnessed

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15
Q

victim surveys

A

victims report crimes that have not been reported

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16
Q

what is dark crime??

A
  • crime where victims are unaware of crimes committed
  • victims involved in another crime
  • victim wont be believed
  • victim scared of offender
  • complaint may not be taken seriously
  • complaint referred(failed/no action against)
17
Q

identification

A

the process of aligning yourself with others

18
Q

observation

A

paying attention to behaviors and retain them in memory

19
Q

imitation

A

where people recall behaviors and reproduce them into their own actions

20
Q

continuous reinforcement

A

when they are constantly rewarded

21
Q

vicarious reinforcement

A

when a behavior is strengthened by an individual observing the behavior being rewarded in another

22
Q

direct reinforcement

A

when a behavior is strengthened and more likely to be repeated because the individual has received the reward themselves

23
Q

internalisation

A

the process where a behavior because an integral part of an individuals personality due to continuous reinforcement

24
Q

nature

A

relates to behaviors that people are born with or develop naturally

25
Q

nurture

A

behaviors that people learn through experience

26
Q

subjectivity

A

based on personal opinion rather than fact

27
Q

role model

A

a person held in esteem by another

28
Q

criminal personality

A

a set of relatively fixed traits associated with people who commit crimes

29
Q

rehabilitation

A

the act of restoring something to its original state

30
Q

restorative justice

A

a way of rehabilitating offenders by giving them the choice to be aware of the consequences of their actions

31
Q

the use of positive role models

A

offenders observe others behaving in pro-social ways so they have something to imitate(and then internalise)

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