criminal psychology

Question 1

violent offences
(definition)

Answer 1

-death(murder)
-physical harm(abuse)
(aggressive crimes resulting in physical harm or death)

Question 2

drug related offences

definition

Answer 2

-dealing illegal substances
-using illegal substances
(trading or using illegal substances)

Question 3

acquisitive offences
(definition)

Answer 3

-stealing

belongings taken through illegal means

Question 4

sexual offences
(definition)

Answer 4

(victim is forced to commit to a sexual act against their will)

Question 5

anti-social offences

definition

Answer 5

-graffiti
-littering
-being rowdy in a public place
(can cause distress or harassment to people who do not live with the person )

Question 6

social construct

Answer 6

result of interactions between people who make up a society

Question 7

deviation from norms

Answer 7

when an act or behavior goes against the accepted behavior of a society

Question 8

culture

Answer 8

set of values hat determine the way of life within a group of people

Question 9

examples of acts that are considered normal but are criminal

Answer 9

• watching age rated films underage
• speeding
• watching TV series/films on YouTube

Question 10

crimes that are dependable on culture

Answer 10

• having guns(legal in America NOT England)

- taking cannabis(legal in America NOT England)

Question 11

deviation from norms

examples

Answer 11

-preaching in the streets

-

Question 12

Is subjectivity when defining crime an issue?

Answer 12

Steps:
1- define subjectivity
2-issue or not?
3- why??
Subjectivity is when someone is strongly opinionated about the crime. Subjectivity when defining crime IS an issue because if someone is biased when deciding on crime then they may get the incorrect sentence.

Question 13

official statistics

Answer 13

information collected by the Government based on what has been reported and recorded by police

• can be used to compare increasing and decreasing crimes
• compare crimes in different places

Question 14

offender surveys(self-report)

Answer 14

criminals report on other crimes they have committed or witnessed

Question 15

victim surveys

Answer 15

victims report crimes that have not been reported

Question 16

what is dark crime??

Answer 16

• crime where victims are unaware of crimes committed
• victims involved in another crime
• victim wont be believed
• victim scared of offender
• complaint may not be taken seriously
• complaint referred(failed/no action against)

Question 17

identification

Answer 17

the process of aligning yourself with others

Question 18

observation

Answer 18

paying attention to behaviors and retain them in memory

Question 19

imitation

Answer 19

where people recall behaviors and reproduce them into their own actions

Question 20

continuous reinforcement

Answer 20

when they are constantly rewarded

Question 21

vicarious reinforcement

Answer 21

when a behavior is strengthened by an individual observing the behavior being rewarded in another

Question 22

direct reinforcement

Answer 22

when a behavior is strengthened and more likely to be repeated because the individual has received the reward themselves

Question 23

internalisation

Answer 23

the process where a behavior because an integral part of an individuals personality due to continuous reinforcement

Question 24

nature

Answer 24

relates to behaviors that people are born with or develop naturally

Question 25

nurture

Answer 25

behaviors that people learn through experience

Question 26

subjectivity

Answer 26

based on personal opinion rather than fact

Question 27

role model

Answer 27

a person held in esteem by another

Question 28

criminal personality

Answer 28

a set of relatively fixed traits associated with people who commit crimes

Question 29

rehabilitation

Answer 29

the act of restoring something to its original state

Question 30

restorative justice

Answer 30

a way of rehabilitating offenders by giving them the choice to be aware of the consequences of their actions

Question 31

the use of positive role models

Answer 31

offenders observe others behaving in pro-social ways so they have something to imitate(and then internalise)