Criminal Psychology Flashcards
Operant Conditioning
Learning from the consequences of actions.
Positive Reinforcement
Receiving something pleasant for a behaviour, so we repeat it.
Negative reinforcement
The avoidance of something unpleasant, so we do it again.
Primary reinforcers
These satisfy a basic biological need e.g. food, water, warmth and shelter.
Secondary reinforcers
These are of no survival value, but we have learned to associate them with a primary reinforcer e.g. money, credit cards.
Positive punishment
Receiving something unpleasant for a behaviour, so we do not do it again.
Negative punishment
Removing something pleasant so we do not repeat the behaviour.
Social learning theory
Behaviour is learned through the observation and imitation of role models.
Retention
Able to recall the modeled behaviour
Modelling
Learning a new behaviour through paying attention to, retaining, and reproducing the behaviour of a role model.
Reproduction
An ability to reproduce the behaviour.
Observational learning
Learning new behaviours through watching and modelling a role model.
Motivation
This increases the likelihood of performing the observer behaviour.
Role model
A person who we admire or with whom we share similar characteristics.
Identification
This occurs in SLT when the learner replicates the behaviour and/or internalises belief.
