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Criminal Justice > Criminal Justice midterm > Flashcards

Criminal Justice midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Crime?

A

Crime is the violation of the laws of a society by a person or a group of people who subject to the laws of society.

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2
Q

What is Justice?

A

The administering of a punishment or reward in accordance with morals that a given society considers to be correct.

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3
Q

Criminal Justice.

A

Social institution that has the mission of controlling crime by detecting, detaining, adjudication, and punishing individuals who break the law.

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4
Q

Due Process Model.

A

Due process model gives the person who has supposedly broken the law cannot have their rights rejected without the appropriate legal measures. Innocent until proven guilty in the court of law.

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5
Q

Crime Control Model.

A

The belief of (Packer, 1968) which was the belief of criminalizing the individuals without the use of a legal system, like a court of law to indict the so called criminal.

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6
Q

What’s The Meaning Of The Criminal Justice Funnel?

A

the criminal justice funnel is when cases are chosen and or eliminated because of their standings of whether it being a serious offense or a simple misdemeanor, as well as if there is sufficient evidence given to proceed with a trial+conviction, as well as such as dismissal of charges, referral to counseling or mediation and plea offers for defendants.

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7
Q

Example of Criminal Justice Funnel.

A

Example: If a cop has charged someone who they believe is suspected of stealing from a store and have video but can’t fully make out the persons face, then the case will most likely be thrown out given their is not enough evidence provided stating that they are the suspect.

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8
Q

Wedding Cake Model Of Justice.

A

IV. Misdemeanors
III. Less Serious Felonies
II. Serious Felonies
I. Celebrated Cases

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9
Q

Types Of Crime?

A
  1. Felonies
  2. Misdemeanors
  3. Inchoate Offenses.
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10
Q

What Is A Felony?

A

a crime, typically one involving violence, regarded as more serious than a misdemeanor, and usually punishable by imprisonment for more than one year or by death.

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11
Q

What Is A Misdemeanor?

A

A small or minor wrongdoing.

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12
Q

What Is A Inchoate Offense?

A

The act of planning out or conspiring and “attempting” to break the law.

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13
Q

Difference Between Street Crime And Corporate/White Collar Crime.

A

Street crime is any criminal offense that typically takes place or originates in a public place. White-collar crimes are non-violent crimes committed by business or government professionals for financial gain.

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14
Q

Define Dark Figure Of Crime.

A

A metaphor that describes offenses that go unreported to Police and Criminal Justice Officials and is never quantified.

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15
Q

Define Hierarchy Rule.

A

In a multiple-offense situation, the law enforcement agency must determine which offense occurs highest in the violent crime/property crime hierarchy and record that offense.

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16
Q

Identify trends in Victimization.

A

Victimization cases are often rape, robbery, and aggravated as well as simple assaults.

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17
Q

When do these Victimized events occur?

A

Typically for adults during the 6am time slot, and peaking around 9pm, and for teens between the 3 and 4 pm time.

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18
Q

Different Typologies Of Victims.

A 
Sexual Misconduct.
Rape.
Sexual Touching.
Sexual Harassment.
Stalking.
Physical Assault/Battery.
Dating/Relationship/Domestic Violence.
Theft.
19
Q

Mendelsohn Vs. Von Hentig.

A

Mendelsohn believed that most victims had an unconscious attitude that led to their victimization, while Von Hentig looked at victims of homicide and developed a typology that considered biological, sociological, and psychological factors.

20
Q

Why are some groups targeted, and why some groups do not report being victimized?

A

Some groups are targeted based on their gender, social class, and environment where they live. And some groups don’t report being victims of something because might have the idea that it is a normal occurance and or choose to blame themselves for the cause of it.

21
Q

What is the Magna Carta?

A

A charter of rights created by King John Of England.

22
Q

The Concept of Stare Decisis.

A

provides guidance for when a court should follow a previous ruling—a “precedent”—and when a court is free to reach an outcome based on its own view of what the law requires

23
Q

What is the 4th amendment?

A

Protects people from unlawful search and seizures. Can’t search you or your property without a warrant or probable cause.

24
Q

What’s the 5th amendment?

A

It prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy and mandates due process of law.

25
Q

whats the 6th amendment?

A

guarantees the rights of criminal defendants, including the right to a public trial without unnecessary delay, the right to a lawyer, the right to an impartial jury, and the right to know who your accusers are and the nature of the charges and evidence against you.

26
Q

what is the 8th amendment?

A

states that that punishments must be fair, cannot be cruel, and that fines that are extraordinarily large cannot be set.

27
Q

what is the 14th amendment?

A

anyone who is born/naturalized in the united states is a legal citizen.

28
Q

procedural law.

A

Procedural law provides the process that a case will go through (whether it goes to trial or not).

29
Q

substantive law.

A

Substantive law defines how the facts in the case will be handled, as well as how the crime is to be charged.

30
Q

civil law.

A

Civil law deals with the disputes between individuals, organizations, or between the two, in which compensation is awarded to the victim.

31
Q

criminal law.

A

Criminal law is the body of law that deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal offenses.

32
Q

difference between criminal cases and civil cases.

A

Civil law deals with the disputes between individuals, organizations, or between the two, in which compensation is awarded to the victim. Criminal law is the body of law that deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal offenses.

33
Q

elements necessary to commit a crime.

A

criminal act, criminal intent, concurrence, causation, harm.

34
Q

what is denial of Actus Reus?

A

physiological or environmental factors caused the defendant to commit criminal actions involuntarily, thus without criminal intent.

35
Q

denial of Mens Rea.

A

prosecution typically must prove beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant committed the offense with a culpable state of mind.

36
Q

Mcnaghten rule

A

A test applied to determine whether a person accused of a crime was sane at the time of its commission and, therefore, criminally responsible for the wrongdoing. The M’Naghten rule is a test for criminal insanity.

37
Q

Who were the Bow Street Runners?

A

London’s first official Police force of six men, created in 1749 by Henry Fielding.

38
Q

Broken windows perspective.

A

criminological theory that states that visible signs of crime, anti-social behavior, and civil disorder create an urban environment that encourages further crime and disorder, including serious crimes.

39
Q

Hue and cry

A

a process in which bystanders are called upon to help apprehend a criminal who has been witnessed in the act of committing a crime.

40
Q

metropolitan police act

A

a replacement for the previously disorganized police of parish constables and watchmen. First official Police force.

41
Q

pendleton civil service reform act

A

provided that Federal Government jobs be awarded on the basis of merit and that Government employees be selected through competitive exams.

42
Q

evolution of policing in US and England.

A

The United States inherited England’s Anglo-Saxon common law and its system of social obligation, sheriffs, constables, watchmen. American police were organized in a quasi-military command structure. Their main task was the prevention of crime and disorder, and they provided a wide array of other public services. There were no detectives.

43
Q

August Vollmer

A

first police chief to require a college degree, as well as founded first Criminal justice program in UC Berkeley.

44
Q

O.W. Wilson

A

Reorganized the police departments, as well as fought against corruption. Dedicated to creating an American police profession.

Criminal Justice (1 decks)

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