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Criminal Justice > Criminal justice is cool eeeee > Flashcards

Criminal justice is cool eeeee Flashcards

1
Q

cops

A

investigate crimes and enforce laws

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2
Q

courts

A

determine guilt or innocence, ensure due process

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3
Q

corrections

A

implement sentencing, manage prisons and rehabilitation

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4
Q

3 branches of government

A

legislative, executive, judicial

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5
Q

Legislative

A

make statutory laws

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6
Q

executive

A

consists of the President, his or her advisors and various departments and agencies

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7
Q

crime is…

A

an act that violates a law, which has a punishment

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8
Q

consensus model

A

rules that the majority of society agrees to be right and wrong. Normal behavior is defined by the collective group

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9
Q

conflict model

A

when laws are made that are not agreed to by the majority these rules may benefit some groups but not hurt others

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10
Q

federalism

A

there are both state and federal governments which operate alongside each other in cooperation

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11
Q

bill of rights

A

first ten amendments of the constitution, listen to help guarantee the rights of citizens

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12
Q

police force

A

part of the criminal justice system that enforces laws, ensures public safety, and has the authority to arrest. Jobs include: officers dispatch k-9, FBI, county sheriff, etc.

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13
Q

courts

A

part of the criminal justice system that holds trials, ensures legal procedure is followed and can determine innocence and guilt. Jobs include: judges prosecution, defense attorney, bailiff, reporter, etc.

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14
Q

corrections system

A

part of the criminal justice system to hold convicted criminals in county, state or federal facilities. Jobs include: officers, warder, administrative staff, parole officers, prison counselors, etc.

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15
Q

a theory that asserts that criminal behavior is a result of psychological, biological, or social factors, rather than a conscious choice. It often involves scientific methods for studying criminal behavior

A

positivism

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16
Q

When individuals face hardships that increase the difficulty of leading a positive and successful life

A

strain theory

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17
Q

Theory that individuals commit crimes after weighing the potential benefits against the potential risks. If the benefits outweigh the risks, the individual may choose to commit the crime of their own free will

A

Choice Theory

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18
Q

A theory that attributes crime and deviant behavior to neighborhood characteristics, such as poverty levels, residential mobility, family disruption, and racial heterogeneity. It suggests a lack of social cohesion and communal control contributes to criminal behavior

A

Social disorganization

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19
Q

A condition in which the individual feels a disconnect from society because of the breakdown or absence of social norms

A

anomie

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20
Q

Scientific study how hormone changes can affect the brain and affect criminal behavior

A

Neurocriminology

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21
Q

If society labels the offender as a criminal, they see themselves as a criminal and conduct criminal behavior

A

labeling theory

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22
Q

We all have the ability to commit a crime but are dissuaded from it because of how our family and friends would view us

A

control theory

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23
Q

Freud explained that the id, ego, and the superego have an effect on the brain and decision making. Freud believed that most thoughts and urges are unconscious and people don’t really have conscious control of these thoughts.

A

psychoanalytic theory

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24
Q

criminal activity is learned behavior from family, friends, and the neighborhood

A

differential association

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25
Q

1st amendment

A

freedom of: religion, speech, press, assembly and petition the government

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26
Q

4th amendment

A

protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government without reasonable suspicion

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27
Q

5th amendment

A

protects criminal defendants from having to testify if they may incriminate themselves through the testimony “plead the fifth”

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28
Q

6th amendment

A

grants citizens the right to a jury composed of impartial members drawn from the local community

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29
Q

8th amendment

A

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

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30
Q

14th amendment

A

No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States

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31
Q

purpose of criminal justice system

A

retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, restoration

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32
Q

retribution

A

Determine when a crime has been committed and provide the appropriate punishment for that criminal act.

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33
Q

incapitation

A

Protect society from criminals and the most dangerous offenders

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34
Q

deterrence

A

Making laws that ensure punishment if a crime is committed

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35
Q

restoration

A

Support victims of crimes and help them return to their precrime status as best as possible

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36
Q

war on drugs

A

the effort in the United States since the 1970s to combat illegal drug use by greatly increasing penalties, enforcement, and incarceration for drug offenders

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37
Q

negative reactions to war on drugs

A

worse punishments, mandatory minimum, three strike rule, mass incarceration

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38
Q

mandatory minimum

A

legal provisions in each state and the federal government that require a specific minimum prison term for certain crimes, regardless of individual circumstances

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39
Q

mapp v. ohio

A

1961: established the exclusionary rule. evidenced gathered without a valid warrant is excluded from trial

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40
Q

gideon v wainwright

A

1963: right to counsel, everyone is guaranteed the right to an attorney

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41
Q

terry v ohio

A

1968: stop and frisk laws were deemed constitutional

42
Q

miranda v arizona

A

1966: right to be informed of rights before being interrogated. established our Miranda Rights

43
Q

Mala in Se

A

refers to acts that are inherently wrong, regardless of whether they are prohibited by law. Examples include murder, theft and rape

44
Q

Mala Prohibita

A

refers to acts that are illegal because they are defined as such by law, not because they are inherently wrong. Examples include jaywalking or tax evasion

45
Q

Intent

A

an element of crime referring to the mental aspect, or mens rea. it indicated a person’s intention to commit a crime or knowledge that their action as a crime

46
Q

Types of crime

A

Violent crime, non violent crime, property crime, white collar crime, organized crime, hate crime, cybercrime

47
Q

Violent crime

A

a victim is harmed by or threatened with violence. Violent crimes include rape and sexual assault, robbery, assault and murder

48
Q

non violent crime

A

no use of force or injury to another person: Alcohol and non-violent drug-related crimes. Bribery

49
Q

Property crime

A

misdemeanor trespassing and felony burglary

50
Q

white collar crime

A

a nonviolent crime often characterized by deceit or concealment to obtain or avoid losing money or property, or to gain a personal or business advantage

51
Q

organized crime

A

a continuing criminal enterprise that rationally works to profit from illicit activities that are often in great public demand

52
Q

hate crime

A

a crime, typically one involving violence, that is motivated by prejudice on the basis of ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or similar grounds

53
Q

cyber crime

A

criminal activities carried out by means of computers or the internet

54
Q

six elements of a crime

A

criminal act, criminal intent, concurrence, causation, harm, and attendant circumstances

55
Q

crimes of desperation

A

theft of needed goods, or small amounts of cash or goods to obtain such, to keep a roof over your children’s heads, feed them

56
Q

list excuse defenses

A

Excuse defenses are used when the actor’s mental state or belief demonstrate that he should not be held responsible for the criminal act. Excuse defenses include insanity, diminished capacity, duress, mistake, infancy and entrapment

57
Q

list justification defenses

A

Definitions of justification. the act of defending or explaining or making excuses for by reasoning
type of: exoneration, vindication. the act of vindicating or defending against criticism or censure etc.

58
Q

August Vollmer

A

advocated for professional model

59
Q

jurisdiction

A

the act of showing something to be right or reasonable

60
Q

levels of law enforcement

A

local law enforcement, state law enforcement, federal law enforcement

61
Q

municipal law enforcement

A

most police officers that we see on a daily basis. They have a wide range of responsibilities, from investigating misdemeanors all the way to serious felonies including homicide

62
Q

sheriff

A

The sheriff is the primary law enforcement officer in a county, usually elected to the post by a popular vote

63
Q

County Corner

A

The medical examiner of a county, usually elected by popular vote

64
Q

federal law enforcement

A

department of homeland security, department of justice, department of treasury

65
Q

court structure

A

each state has its own court structure but generally they follow a three tiered model
-district
-appeals
-supreme

65
Q

LEO’s levels

A

Municipal
sheriff
county corner
federal law enforcement

66
Q

Dual court system

A

the united states operates under a dual court system, which consists of state and federal courts. these two systems function independently, each dealing with different types of cases, legal issues and jurisdictions

67
Q

State courts

A

-justice courts
-juvenile courts
-district courts
-court of appeals
-state supreme court

68
Q

federal court

A

federal supreme court

69
Q

judicial review

A

power of the courts to examine and invalidate actions of the legislative and executive branches if they are unconstitutional - Marbury v. Madison

70
Q

Exclusive Juristriction

A

Only federal courts have authority to hear , state courts cannot.

71
Q

concurrent jurisdiction

A

Federal or state courts could hear

72
Q

original jurisdiction

A

court is first one to hear case

73
Q

appellate jurisdiction

A

court can only appeal a case

74
Q

subject matter jurisdiction

A

a legal doctrine holding that a court can only hear and decide cases of a particular type

75
Q

Substantive Due Process

A

Substantive due process asks the question of whether the government’s deprivation of a person’s life, liberty or property is justified by a sufficient purpose

76
Q

procedural due process

A

refers to the constitutional requirement that when the government acts in such a manner that denies a citizen of life, liberty, or property interest, the person must be given notice, the opportunity to be heard, and a decision by a neutral decision-maker

77
Q

accusatory phase

A

pre-trial phase

78
Q

Filing of complaint

A

the plaintiff initiates the lawsuit

79
Q

response

A

the defendant must respond to the complaint

80
Q

discovery

A

both sides gather evidence

81
Q

trial

A

a formal examination of evidence before a judge, and typically before a jury, in order to decide guilt in a case of criminal or civil proceedings

82
Q

Geographical jurisdiction

A

the authority of a court over cases that occur within a defined territory

83
Q

sentencing and sanction

A

sentence handed down by the judge, and any conditions of imprisonment are decided

84
Q

appeal

A

the losing part may appeal the decision to a higher court

85
Q

voir dire

A

a preliminary examination of a witness or a juror by a judge or counsel

86
Q

sentencing and sanctions

A

sentence handed down by the judge, and any conditions of imprisonment are decided

87
Q

Probation

A

-before prison
-second chance
-have to check in with a probation officer, if fails to do this will get sentenced

88
Q

Parole

A

-After prison
-if meetings missed return to prisonpa

89
Q

Probation era

A

1920’s

90
Q

war on drugs (Nixen)

A

1960’s

91
Q

War on drugs (Reagan)

A

1980’s

92
Q

Tough on crime era

A

1990’s

93
Q

War on terror era

A

2000’s

94
Q

If someone agrees to plead guilty what do they get?

A

A lesser sentence or certain charged dismissed

95
Q

Jail

A

-Bail hold/ awaiting trial
-Short-term
-Can hold up to a year
-Run by county sheriff

96
Q

Prison

A

-After you’ve been convicted
-long-term: 1 year-life
-Can hold criminals on any crime
-Run by state or federal Gov

97
Q

Subject matter jurisdiction

A

Subject-matter jurisdiction is the requirement that a given court have power to hear the specific kind of claim that is brought to that court. While litigating parties may waive personal jurisdiction, they cannot waive subject-matter jurisdiction.

98
Q

Political Era

A

1830-1910

99
Q

Reform Era

A

1910-1970’s

100
Q

Community Era

A

1980-2001

101
Q

Homeland security Era

A

2001-present

Criminal Justice (2 decks)

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