Criminal Justice intro overview

Question 1

incapacitation

Answer 1

Being in jail/ limitations to commit more crimes

Question 2

Retribution

Answer 2

eye for an eye

Question 3

rehabilitation

Answer 3

rehab; treatment and care for the offender rather than punishing

Question 4

deterrence

Answer 4

setting examples of punishing offenders to deter the others/public from committing crimes

Question 5

discretion

Answer 5

people can use their own judgement to make decisions

Question 6

who can use discretion?

Answer 6

police
attorneys
judges
correctional officals

Question 7

pros of using discretion

Answer 7

gives officers flexibility to make quick decisions, fosters judicial economy

Question 8

cons of using discretion

Answer 8

allows officers to make bad decisions based on their own beliefs and views, conviction of more offenders which leads to crowded jails and courts

Question 9

4 major components of the justice system

Answer 9

Police
Prosecution
Courts
Corrections

Question 10

what do the police do

Answer 10

report is made and a preliminary investigation begins

Question 11

what do prosecutors do

Answer 11

if they find enough evidence the offender is arrested

Question 12

Courts

Answer 12

The case is sent to court for a hearing trial and sentencing

Question 13

corrections

Answer 13

if they are found guilty then they are sentenced to jail or prison

Question 14

Criminal law

Answer 14

Murder, robbery, arson, gun crimes etc..

Question 15

Civil law

Answer 15

Marriage law, family disputes, property law, etc…

Question 16

Civil law vs Criminal law charges

Answer 16

Criminal law charges are much more serious where as civil law charges arent

Question 17

Criminal law punishments:

Answer 17

Prison/jail

Question 18

Civil law punishments:

Answer 18

Community service or pay fines

Question 19

What is the adversary system?

Answer 19

Innocent until proven guilty, 2 parties present their cases to resolve a dispute

Question 20

What is the Inquisitory system?

Answer 20

Guilty until found innocent, greater emphasis on conviction

Question 21

Misdemeanor

Answer 21

Less serious offenses, punishable by short jail time or fines

Question 22

Felonies

Answer 22

Very serious crimes, punishable by incarceration in prison or capital punishment

Question 23

Mala prohibita

Answer 23

Misdemeanors, not universally regarded as criminal acts

Question 24

Mala in se

Answer 24

Felonies, criminal acts

Question 25

An act

Answer 25

a person should not be punished based on their thoughts, only if it is a failure to act upon

Question 26

Unlawful Act

Answer 26

a person cannot be punished for acts that are socially unacceptable

Question 27

An intent

Answer 27

For an act to be a crime the offender has to have a guilty mind (Mens rea)

Question 28

The concurrence of Act and Intent

Answer 28

For an Act to be a crime, the Act and Intent must go together

Question 29

Causation

Answer 29

the crime is caused by the act

Question 30

2 major sources the US uses

Answer 30

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

Question 31

what is the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)

Answer 31

reports of crime data that come to the attention of the police through their own data or observations and reports from others (includes murder and arson)

Question 32

what is the NCVS (national crime victimization survey)

Answer 32

residents aged 12 or older are question about whether or not they have been a victim of crimes such as: forcible rape, robbery, assault, household burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft

Question 33

Limitations of the NCVS

Answer 33

Dependent on victim recall and perception which could be inactive data.

Question 34

Limitations of the UCR

Answer 34

does not include all crimes that are committed

Question 35

8 serious crimes categorized by the FBI

Answer 35

Murder
Forcible Rape
Robbery
Aggravated Assault
Burglary
Larceny-theft
Motor vehicle theft
Arson

Question 36

what is a hate crime

Answer 36

A crime committed against a person based on race, religion, ethnicity, disability and sexual orientation or gender identity.