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criminal justice > Criminal justice > Flashcards

Criminal justice Flashcards

1
Q

Actus Reus

A

The physically act of committing a crime

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2
Q

Mens Rea

A

criminal intent

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3
Q

Concurrence

A

Mens Rea and Actus Reus must happen at the same time

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4
Q

Causation

A

actions that were the cause of harm or damage

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5
Q

Legality

A

The crime must be on the books and clearly defined

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6
Q

Deviance

A

Any act that violates social norms

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7
Q

how many violent crimes involve a weapon?

A

Only about 25% of violent crimes involve any weapon

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8
Q

Cultivation theory

A

people who watch more television are likely to overestimate the amount of crime in the world

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9
Q

Where do judges hear summary conviction cases?

A

Judge hears summary conviction cases in provincial court

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10
Q

Is a person convicted of a summary crime typically arrested?

A

No

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11
Q

Does a person convicted of a summary crime need to appear in court?

A

No

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12
Q

What is the maximum penalty for a summary offence?

A

$5,000 and/or 6 months in jail

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13
Q

6 examples of a summary offence?

A

shoplifting, simple assault, drunk driving, theft under $5,000, carrying a concealed weapon, possessing narcotics

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14
Q

Can a person convicted of an indictable offence be arrested?

A

yes when the police have grounds to believe that the person has committed an indictable offence or is about to commit an indictable offence

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15
Q

Does a person convicted of an indictable offence need to appear in court?

A

yes those convicted must show up in court and they may represent themselves or be represented by a lawyer

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16
Q

4 examples of an indictable offence?

A

theft over $5,000, break and enter, aggravated sexual assault, and murder

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17
Q

What is an example of a maximum penalty for indictable offence

A

Maximum penalties may include life in prison

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18
Q

Hybrid offences

A

An offence that falls between a summary offence and an indictable offence where the prosecutor can choose based on factors such as the seriousness of the accused actions and the harm caused

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19
Q

1st-degree murder

A

when it is planned and deliberate
or when death is caused by a person while committing or attempting to commit an indictable offence

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20
Q

2nd-degree murder

A

deliberate killing that occurs without planning (Malice aforethought) and
cannot fall under any categories of first-degree murder

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21
Q

Manslaughter

A

homicide committed without intent although there may have been an intention to cause harm

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22
Q

Unlawful act

A

a crime that unintentionally results in the death of another person

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23
Q

Criminal negligence

A

when the homicide was the result of reckless disregard for the lives of others

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24
Q

Sexual assault 3

A

aggravated

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25
Sexual assault 2
with a weapon or causing bodily harm
26
Sexual assault 1
any form of sexual activity forced on another person or non-consensual bodily contact for a sexual purpose
27
simple assault
physical contact without consent
28
Assault 2
with a weapon or bodily harm
29
Assault 3
aggravated
30
Break and enter
to forcibly enter a property and commit a crime
31
Trespassing
Entering an owners property without permission
32
Criminal Mischief
Wilfully destroy or damage property Render property dangerous, useless, inoperative, ineffective
33
Theft under $5,000 is?
summary
34
Theft over $5,000 is?
indictable
35
zemiology
the study of social harm
36
what percent of violent crimes involve a weapon?
only about 25%
37
Larceny
theft of personal property
38
Robbery
using threats or violence to steal property
39
extortion
using threats, accusations, violence, or menaces to force someone to give money, services, or property
40
false pretenses
intentionally deceiving someone to gain something
41
forgery
creating a false document with the intent that it be used in a way or acted on as genuine
42
identity theft
to obtain or possess another person's identity information with the intent to use it or commit an indictable offence
43
white collar crime
illegal behaviours that employees of a corporation commit to benefit the corporation, company, or buisness
44
ecoside
unlawful acts committed with knowledge that there is a good chance of it causing severe damage to the environment
45
GOC: top 6 climate change threats for Canada
physical infrastructure, coastal communities, Northern communities, Human health and wellness, Ecosystems, Fisheries
46
is there a correlation between drugs and crime?
yes but not a causation
47
when did the idea of "born criminal" emerge
the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
48
Crime statistics
incidents reported to the police, who then report to the government
49
Crime severity indexes
using a points system, attempts to show the severity of crime issues in an area as opposed to simply showing rates of crime
50
what does "not all crimes are crimes” mean?
So many things must happen within the legal system for us to be able to consider something a crime therefore crime statistics are not accurate
51
Crime victimization surveys
Involves random sampling of a population and asking people if they have been victimized in the past year
52
General social survey
a massive Canadian survey of attitudes and experiences including those relating to crime
53
when did general social surveys begin?
in 1985
54
what % of Canadians are victims of crime each year?
20%
55
What % of crimes in Canada are reported each year?
30%
56
crime funnel
refers to how few cases make their way from arrest to conviction within the Canadian criminal justice system
57
why did police patrol in cars change the way people saw the police?
because they went from being apart of the community to being distant from the community
58
What were the 4 first forms of policing?
Night watched, standing army, family and clan-based dispute resolutions, and vigilantes
59
who was the first city in Canada to adopt the "Bobbies" police system?
Toront in 1835
60
When were the North West Mounted Police created?
1873
61
When did the North West Mounted Police merge with Dominion Police to become the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
1920
62
what are the 4 elements professional policing is based on?
Standardization, bureaucratization, formalization, and technology
62
When was cops on the beat?
1900's
62
When did patrol in cars begin
1970's
63
When did hot spots policing begin?
1990's
64
When did police start using algorithms?
2020's
65
Who is responsible for federal matters such as DNA data bank and sex offender registry?
The RCMP
66
what 5 things is municipal policing in charge of?
patrols, traffic, criminal investigations, drug law enforcement, and special operations
67
what is the SARA model
scanning, analysis, response, and assessment

criminal justice (1 decks)

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