Criminal Investigation Flashcards
Robbery
is the theft or attempted theft in a direct confrontation with the victim, by force or the threat of force or violence
UCR definition
taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear
Elements of a robbery
- The burglar encounters someone in the structure
- The burglar uses force or threatens them in order to complete the theft.
Example-pocket-picking and purse snatching not robberies unless the victim resists and is overpowered or threatened.
Burglary vs. Robbery
The difference is the threat of and/or use of force.
Theft vs. burglary
theft is just taking something; burglary is breaking an entry then stealing something
First responder course of action to a robbery in progress
get emergency equipment, call for back up, cover robber’s exit, broadcast flash description, neighborhood canvas, ID MO, collect physical evidence. Do not enter the building while still on progress. This could turn it into a hostage situation.
MO (Method of Operation)
It is a behavior, not a description. This means the focus is on the behavior of the criminal during the commission of a crime. Behavior includes location, time of day/week, weapon or threatened use of force, verbal statements, and vehicle used, objects stolen, number of suspects, and disguises
Post robbery response
neighborhood canvas, ID MO, collect physical evidence
Elements of a simple assault
threats by one person to cause bodily harm or death to the other or purposely inflicting bodily harm
Aggravated assault elements
high probability of death, serious or permanent disfigurement, loss or impairment of body members or organs
*66-75% know their attacker
First responder course of action to scene of an assault
control and disarm those involved, provide medical aid to the injured, separate suspects, protect crime scene, obtain preliminary statements, photograph/collect/preserve evidence
Self-defense and obligation to flee
by law persons may defend themselves and their property. There is no legal obligation to retreat from an attack. The type of force must be only enough to rebuff the attack and no more.
Definition of abuse
treat (a person or an animal) with cruelty or violence, especially regularly or repeatedly
Domestic violence
is a pattern of abusive behaviors by one partner against another in an intimate relationship such as marriage, dating, family, or cohabitation
Specific types of abuse
physical, psychological, emotional, financial, sexual, and neglect
Majority of elder abuse
- is caused by family members and caregiver (hidden problem)
First responder course of action to domestic violence scene
should be handles carefully by responding officer and not assume it was a minor squabble. It is similar to how an assault scene is responded to except arrests may not be based on whether a victim wants to press charges with these cases. Many jurisdictions have implemented pro arrest laws and procedures
UCR definition of rape
the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will…includes acquaintance rape and forcible rape.
First responder course of action to rape scene
give victim aid then determine circumstances surrounding the attack. If medical attention is required, the officer should ask questions while waiting. The victim should be asked to describe what happened, the assailant, the vehicle of attacker, and location
Elements of a rape
carnal knowledge (penetration), forcible submission, lack of consent
Drug associated with rape
rohypnol
Three categories of missing persons cases
non-family abduction, family abduction, and runaway/lost child
Non-family
most complex and dangerous type. The child is removed without authorization from their family by force or trickery
Family
the noncustodial parent removes the child from the care of the custodial parent. Occurs in conjunction with divorce/separation
Runaway/lost child
child leaves voluntarily for a variety of reasons. This is the most common type for law enforcement
Why do Child predators use the Internet
Child “predators” or those who abduct children via the Internet use the Internet because it is easy access for both the offender and victim. Also children are susceptible to false friendships and then kidnapped at the meeting place. Other cases involve the abductor sending money and a bus ticket to meet in another state. People can be anyone on the Internet.
First responder course of action for missing child case
interview person who made initial report, verify that the child is in fact missing, verify the child’s custody status, ID the circumstances of the disappearance, determine when/where/by whom the missing child was last seen, interview the persons who last had contact with the child, secure and safeguard the crime scene, prepare reports and make all required notifications
Nature of an arrest
the correct answer was the one about the theft suspect in cuffs but not told he is under arrest…can’t arrest on reasonable suspicion
Guy fits description of burglary suspect
the correct answer was that he’s being held for investigative detention
Deprivation of food, water, sleep violates which right
violates 14th amendment due process
FI card
not linked to any crime
Maryland v Bowie
protective sweep of a home
Canvass
it’s for witnesses not suspects
Protective sweep
it’s for suspects
Arrest
A cop doesn’t have to tell someone they are under arrest
Exclusionary Rule question that was phrased “all of the following except”:
the answer is second party consent. Good faith, inevitable discovery, and computer errors all fall under that rule.
Terry v Ohio
a cop can’t stop and frisk unless there is probable cause…this is false because only reasonable suspicion is needed for stop and frisk
Plain view doctrine
applies to the weed plant growing in the house seen through the window…false
Court standards for an officer
standing in your shoes and reasonable of a reasonable officer
Immediate area
entire passenger compartment including closed but not locked compartments
