Criminal Investigation

Question 0

Criminal Investigation

“The Bill of Rights and the States”

Answer 0

• First 8 amendments make up the Bill of Rights”

Question 1

Criminal Investigation

“The Police and the US Supreme Court” from 1961 to 1966, a period known as?

Answer 1

“Due process revolution”

Question 2

Criminal Investigation

The most preferred method of affecting arrest is under the authority of a?

Answer 2

Warrant

Question 3

Criminal Investigation

“Weeks v. United States”

Answer 3

“Federal Exclusionary Rule” 1st case ever

Question 4

Criminal Investigation

This case established the rule that any evidence unreasonably searched and seized would no longer be admissible in any court - state or federal. The Exclusionary Rule was now applicable in all courts at all levels.

Answer 4

Mapp v. Ohio

Question 5

Criminal Investigation

“Investigator, Investigative Process, and the Crime Scene” (The Investigator and the Importance of Investigation). The most important skill is?

Answer 5

The ability to converse equally well with a wide range of people.

Question 6

Criminal Investigation

“Organization of the Investigative Process”
Once a criminal offense has been committed, 3 intermediate outcomes are possible. They are?

Answer 6

1 ). It may go undetected, as in the case of a carefully planned and conducted murder by organized crime figures.

2 ). It may not be reported, such as when a proprietor finds that his or her business premises have been burglarized but does not contact the police because loss is minor or because the insurance coverage would be adversely affected.

3 ). The crime may come to the attention of the police through their observation, a complaint by the victim or witness or tip. (FORMAL PROCESSING*)

Question 7

Criminal Investigation

“The Preliminary Investigation” (Stages,Steps in Order)

Answer 7

• Note all dispatch information
• Be alert for people and cars leaving the crime scene*
• Approach the scene carefully*
• Use all if your senses
• Determine whether a tactical situation exists
• Remain alert and attentive
• Follow Department contact protocol
• Treat the location as a crime scene until otherwise
• If suspect is still at the scene, Arrest and search him/her
• Field notes to include information about scene conditions

Question 8

Criminal Investigation

The fundamental assumption on which crime scenes searches rests is?

Answer 8

“Locard’s principle” (There is something to be found)

Question 9

Criminal Investigation

“Types of Evidence” 3 Broad categories are?

Answer 9

• Corpus DelictiEvidence (BEST TYPE)
• Associative Evidence
• Tracing Evidence

Question 10

Criminal Investigation

“Definition” In processing the crime scene, it is necessary to keep both known facts and inferences in mind and periodically review them. This facilitates the reconstruction of the offense and identification of the perpetrators method of operation, suggests a possible existence of certain types of physical evidence, and assist in establishing appropriate lines of inquiry.

Answer 10

“Conceptualize Events”

Question 11

Criminal Investigation

“Rule of Inclusiveness”

Answer 11

Dictates that every available piece of evidence be obtained and, where there is question as to whether a particular item constitutes evidence, be defined as such.

Question 12

Criminal Investigation

“Infectious Diseases” Employ the following self-protection techniques…

Answer 12

• Never put your hands anywhere you cannot see
• The most important protective barrier against HIV infection is intact skin*
• If you are bitten by a suspect, do not out your mouth to the bite area
• Soap and warm water for at least 30 seconds (There is no evidence that squeezing or milking wounds reduces the risk of HIV)
• Do not attempt to recap hypodermic needles seized as evidence

Question 13

Criminal Investigation

“The Americans with Disabilities Act” Employers may be required to make ______________________ for such employees.

Answer 13

Reasonable Accommodations (They include redesigning jobs, offering part-time hours, and modifying equipment and facilities)

Question 14

Criminal Investigation

“Choices of Search Patterns” 5 Basic search patterns are

Answer 14

1 ). The Spiral (outdoor scene, executed by a single person, outermost boundary determination toward a center point)
2 ). The Strip Line Search (the demarcation of a series of lanes down
which one or more persons proceed.
3 ). The Grid (after completing the Strip Line Search, the searchers double back perpendicularly across the area being examined)
4 ). The Zone/Quadrant (requires an area be divided into 4 large quadrants, each of which is the examined using any of the methods)
5 ). The Pie/Wheel (dividing the area into a number of pie-shaped sections, usually 6)

Question 15

Criminal Investigation

“Suspended Searches, Debriefing, and Release of the Scene” Occasionally, it may be necessary to suspend an operation temporarily. I one of the MOST COMMON situations, a ________________________________ requires the temporary diversion of personnel from a scene where delayed processing will not result in any loss of physical evidence.

Answer 15

“Priority crime with evidence subject to decay”

Question 16

Criminal Investigation

“Physical Evidence” Characteristics of physical evidence that are common to a group of objects or persons are termed _____________________.

Answer 16

“Class Characteristics”

Question 17

Criminal Investigation

Regardless of how thoroughly examined, such evidence can be placed only into a broad category; an individual identification cannot be made because there is a possibility of more than one source for the evidence. Examples include

Answer 17

“UNWORN Nike athletic shoes of a particular model

Question 18

Criminal Investigation

“Preserving Impressions” Plaster of Paris is NO LONGER recommended for use in casting impressions. Dental stone or Die stone (Traxton) is the preferred medium. The first step in casting is.

Answer 18

“The Preparation of the Impression”

Question 19

Criminal Investigation

How many pounds and ounces of water are needed for Dental Stone?

Answer 19

2 pounds of dental stone and 12 ounces of water

Question 20

Criminal Investigation

“Paint” Cases in which such transfers occur most commonly include burglaries and hit-and-run accidents. Usually, paint is a class-characteristic evidence, although in some cases it reaches the level of individual evidence. If the chips are large enough, it may be possible to make a ______________ between questioned and a known source.

Answer 20

“Fracture match”

Question 21

Criminal Investigation

“Glass” Is more important as physical evidence because?

Answer 21

It is so common

Question 22

Criminal Investigation

The most common method of developing latent in visible prints is through the use of?

Answer 22

Traditional Powders (NEVER sprinkle directly on the surface to be dusted)

Question 23

Criminal Investigation

“Methods of Developing Latent Prints” 2 Chemicals and their uses are?

Answer 23

• Amido Black (used with contaminated/visible prints involving blood)
• Ninhydrin (latent prints on paper and cardboard, producing purplish prints. It should NOT be used on money.

Question 24

Criminal Investigation

“Collecting and Preserving Latent Prints” Once a print is found, it should be?

Answer 24

Photographed immediately with a rigid scale in view.

Question 25

Criminal Investigation

“Bite Marks”

Answer 25

• Document the bites using COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
• SWAB the CENTER of each bite twice with a different sterile cotton applicator dipped in distilled water. The swabs should be allowed to air dry and packaged in PAPER envelopes, sealed, and marked.

Question 26

Criminal Investigation

“Hair” Human hair evidence is primarily associated with?

Answer 26

“Violent Crimes” (If hair has its ROOT or other tissue attached, establishing individual identity is possible)

Question 27

Criminal Investigation

“Blood” An adult’s body contains, on average, about?

Answer 27

5 to 6 quarts of blood

Question 28

Criminal Investigation

“Firearms” Investigators must acquire a broad, working knowledge of firearm evidence for 3 PRIMARY reasons. They are?

Answer 28

1 ). The FREQUENCY with which they will encounter it
2 ). The VALUE of such knowledge in a combat situation
3 ). The PERSONAL SAFETY of other personnel when officers handling firearms at a crime scene

Question 29

Criminal Investigation

“What determinations can be made from cartridge cases?” A cartridge case is subject to a number of different forces that make marks on it, any of which can produce individual class evidence. Such marks include?

Answer 29

• Striations
• Firing Pin Impression
• Extractor Marks

Question 30

Criminal Investigation

“Collecting Firearm Evidence” When to move?

Answer 30

• If the Weapon is found outdoors and there is any likelihood that inclement weather may destroy the possibility of obtaining latent fingerprints move it to a sheltered area.
• At the scene of aggravated assaults and murders, emotionally charged person may suddenly attempt to pick up the weapon.
• Compelling safety need.

Question 31

Criminal Investigation

The 4 commonly recognized objectives to the interrogation process are?

Answer 31

1 ). To obtain VALUABLE FACTS
2 ). To ELIMINATE the INNOCENT
3 ). To IDENTIFY the GUILTY
4 ). To OBTAIN a CONFESSION

Question 32

Criminal Investigation

“Interviewers and Interrogators” The Investigator must at all times ____________ of the interrogation without being openly domineering, by being a good active listener, by being serious, patient, and MOST IMPORTANTLY by being ___________________.

Answer 32

• Maintain Control

- Persistent and Persuasive

Question 33

Criminal Investigation

What is the MOST COMMON type of Interview?

Answer 33

The “On-The-Scene Interview”

Question 34

Criminal Investigation

Where are the BEST PLACES to interview a witness?

Answer 34

At their homes or places of business

Question 35

Criminal Investigation

“Witnesses” 3 Types of Witnesses

Answer 35

1 ). Honest and Cooperative (Interview First)

2 ). May not want to get involved (May fear any contact with a law enforcement agency, some may not understand the significance of information they have, and others may not want to do anything that would aid the police)

3 ). Reluctant to Cooperate (may be suspicious of the motives of the interviewer until rapport is established and the investigator can assure the witness of his or her good intentions.

Question 36

Criminal Investigation

Because there are witnesses who may be deceitful and provide incorrect information, it is a basic principle that an investigator should NEVER take a witness’s explanation totally at face value but, rather should _______________________________.

Answer 36

Obtain supporting information or Evidence.

Question 37

Criminal Investigation

“Hearing Loss” Interviewers will be able to communicate most effectively and patiently with hearing-impaired people by?

Answer 37

• Gain the person’s attention
• Speak to the person from a distance of 3-6 feet
• Speak Clearly
• Control external noises and encourage participation

Question 38

Criminal Investigation

Eyewitness identification and description is regarded as the most _____________ for of evidence?

Answer 38

Unreliable

Question 39

Criminal Investigation

In the 1972 case of Neil v. Biggers, the Supreme Court listed 5 factors to be used in determining the reliability of eyewitness identification, particularly situations where identification is delayed rather than made immediately at the scene. These Factors are?

Answer 39

1 ). The OPPORTUNITY of the witness to view the act at the time of the crime.

2 ). The DEGREE of attention paid by the witness

3 ). The ACCURACY of the witness’s prior description of the criminal

4 ). The LEVEL OF CERTAINTY of identification demonstrated by the witness at the confrontation

5 ). The LENGTH OF TIME between the crime and the confrontation.