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IMPACT OF WAR AND REVOLUTION > CRIMEAN WAR > Flashcards

CRIMEAN WAR Flashcards

1
Q

what was the significance of the Crimean War’s casualties?

A

Far heavier than any other European war fought between 1815 and 1914

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2
Q

When was the Crimean War?

A

1853-6

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3
Q

How many died in total?

A

750,000

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4
Q

Russian casualties compared to French and British

A

450,000 compared to 90,000 and 20,000

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5
Q

Proportion of soldiers who lost their lives in battle

A

1/5

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6
Q

What did most die of?

A

Disease

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7
Q

When was the Treaty of Paris signed?

A

March 1856

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8
Q

What did the Treaty of Paris do?

A

Brought the Crimean War to an end

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9
Q

Who was the Crimean War between?

A

Russia

Ottoman Empire, Britain, France, Sardinia

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10
Q

What did Russia have to give up due to the Treaty?

A
  • The duty to protect Christian subjects in the Ottoman Empire
  • Its claim to act as the protector of the principalities
  • Bessarabia to Moldavia
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11
Q

What was Russia prohibited from maintaining?

A

A fleet in the Black Sea

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12
Q

What naval fortifications did Russia have to give up?

A

Those along the Black Sea coastline

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13
Q

What was the impact of the losses for Russia?

A
  • humiliating
  • highlighted the weak position Russia was in
  • Russia was no longer a leading supporter of the status quo and became a revisionist power dedicated to regaining sovereign power over its coastline
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14
Q

What did the Crimean War act as a catalyst for?

A

Economic, social and political reforms

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15
Q

What did the Crimean War have an indirect impact on?

A

Development of Russian govt

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16
Q

What did the Crimean War have a direct impact on?

A

Governance of localities’ national minorities

17
Q

What was the Crimean War linked to?

A

Emancipation of the Serfs

18
Q

Why did the Crimean War lead to the Emancipation?

A

It revealed how backward and underdeveloped Russia was

19
Q

What areas was Russia underdeveloped and backward?

A

Transport, communications, technology

20
Q

What had been progressing at a much slower rate than Britain and France?

A

Industrialisation

21
Q

For many Russians, what was the root of this stagnation?

A

Serfdom

22
Q

It was 5 years until the Emancipation Edict was made, what did this suggest?

A

Other considerations had to be made before the reform could be enacted as serfdom underpinned Russian society

23
Q

How did the Emancipation affect the nobility?

A

Reduced political role at a local level

24
Q

What were created for local government?

A

Zemstva, local government members now elected

25
Q

How was the element of democracy watered down?

A

Property qualifications attached to voting, suggested the tsars were lessening their autocratic grip

26
Q

What had to be modernised for Russia to maintain its world status?

A

Military

27
Q

Conditions of the military before the war

A
  • 1 million men, mainly peasants
  • harshly disciplined
  • poor accommodation
  • disease
  • lack of good clothing and equipment
  • low morale
28
Q

Between 1833-55, how many soldiers died from ill health?

A

1 million

29
Q

Who enacted the military reforms?

A

Dmitrii Milyutin

30
Q

What military system did Dimitrii Milyutin use as a model?

A

Prussian

31
Q

Military reforms made by Dimitrii Milyutin

A
  • reduced 15 year service
  • modernised training
  • rigorous instruction for officers
32
Q

Results of the military reforms

A
  • more professional army more like western rivals

- government now had an army to help maintain domestic order and fight overseas

33
Q

What economic development did the Crimean War stimulate?

A

Railway expansion

34
Q

Why did the war cause railway development?

A

Revealed how slowly Russia had been to mobilise resources compared with the enemy

35
Q

How did Russia fund the railways?

A

Foreign loans

36
Q

How many km railway constructed between 1861-78?

A

20,000

37
Q

How much spent on railways between 1861-78?

A

2 million roubles

38
Q

What remained firmly in place despite the more liberal phase of government post Crimea?

A

Autocracy

IMPACT OF WAR AND REVOLUTION (7 decks)

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