CRIMEAN WAR

Question 1

what was the significance of the Crimean War’s casualties?

Answer 1

Far heavier than any other European war fought between 1815 and 1914

Question 2

When was the Crimean War?

Answer 2

1853-6

Question 3

How many died in total?

Answer 3

750,000

Question 4

Russian casualties compared to French and British

Answer 4

450,000 compared to 90,000 and 20,000

Question 5

Proportion of soldiers who lost their lives in battle

Answer 5

1/5

Question 6

What did most die of?

Answer 6

Disease

Question 7

When was the Treaty of Paris signed?

Answer 7

March 1856

Question 8

What did the Treaty of Paris do?

Answer 8

Brought the Crimean War to an end

Question 9

Who was the Crimean War between?

Answer 9

Russia

Ottoman Empire, Britain, France, Sardinia

Question 10

What did Russia have to give up due to the Treaty?

Answer 10

• The duty to protect Christian subjects in the Ottoman Empire
• Its claim to act as the protector of the principalities
• Bessarabia to Moldavia

Question 11

What was Russia prohibited from maintaining?

Answer 11

A fleet in the Black Sea

Question 12

What naval fortifications did Russia have to give up?

Answer 12

Those along the Black Sea coastline

Question 13

What was the impact of the losses for Russia?

Answer 13

• humiliating
• highlighted the weak position Russia was in
• Russia was no longer a leading supporter of the status quo and became a revisionist power dedicated to regaining sovereign power over its coastline

Question 14

What did the Crimean War act as a catalyst for?

Answer 14

Economic, social and political reforms

Question 15

What did the Crimean War have an indirect impact on?

Answer 15

Development of Russian govt

Question 16

What did the Crimean War have a direct impact on?

Answer 16

Governance of localities’ national minorities

Question 17

What was the Crimean War linked to?

Answer 17

Emancipation of the Serfs

Question 18

Why did the Crimean War lead to the Emancipation?

Answer 18

It revealed how backward and underdeveloped Russia was

Question 19

What areas was Russia underdeveloped and backward?

Answer 19

Transport, communications, technology

Question 20

What had been progressing at a much slower rate than Britain and France?

Answer 20

Industrialisation

Question 21

For many Russians, what was the root of this stagnation?

Answer 21

Serfdom

Question 22

It was 5 years until the Emancipation Edict was made, what did this suggest?

Answer 22

Other considerations had to be made before the reform could be enacted as serfdom underpinned Russian society

Question 23

How did the Emancipation affect the nobility?

Answer 23

Reduced political role at a local level

Question 24

What were created for local government?

Answer 24

Zemstva, local government members now elected

Question 25

How was the element of democracy watered down?

Answer 25

Property qualifications attached to voting, suggested the tsars were lessening their autocratic grip

Question 26

What had to be modernised for Russia to maintain its world status?

Answer 26

Military

Question 27

Conditions of the military before the war

Answer 27

- 1 million men, mainly peasants - harshly disciplined - poor accommodation - disease - lack of good clothing and equipment - low morale

Question 28

Between 1833-55, how many soldiers died from ill health?

Answer 28

1 million

Question 29

Who enacted the military reforms?

Answer 29

Dmitrii Milyutin

Question 30

What military system did Dimitrii Milyutin use as a model?

Answer 30

Prussian

Question 31

Military reforms made by Dimitrii Milyutin

Answer 31

- reduced 15 year service - modernised training - rigorous instruction for officers

Question 32

Results of the military reforms

Answer 32

- more professional army more like western rivals | - government now had an army to help maintain domestic order and fight overseas

Question 33

What economic development did the Crimean War stimulate?

Answer 33

Railway expansion

Question 34

Why did the war cause railway development?

Answer 34

Revealed how slowly Russia had been to mobilise resources compared with the enemy

Question 35

How did Russia fund the railways?

Answer 35

Foreign loans

Question 36

How many km railway constructed between 1861-78?

Answer 36

20,000

Question 37

How much spent on railways between 1861-78?

Answer 37

2 million roubles

Question 38

What remained firmly in place despite the more liberal phase of government post Crimea?

Answer 38

Autocracy