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Interview > Crime Scene Basics- For Exam > Flashcards

Crime Scene Basics- For Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Who is considered the “Father of Modern Forensic Science” and coined the phase, “Every contact leaves a trace”?

A

Edmond Locard

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2
Q

Who developed a system of body measurements known as Anthropometry, as a method of identification?

A

Alphonse Bertillion

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3
Q

T/F An expert witness has knowledge a lay person would not possess

A

True

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4
Q

What would be considered a secondary crime scene?

A

A crime scene separate from the primary scene

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5
Q

What are 3 methods for documenting a crime scene?

A

Photos, diagrams, and notes

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6
Q

What is the first step in documenting a crime scene?

A

Taking photographs

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7
Q

T/F Close-up photographs should be taken at 90 degrees

A

True

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8
Q

When are mid-range photos taken?

A

After overall photographs are taken and before close-up photographs

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9
Q

What type of evidence would be photographed with a measuring device if photographing shoeprints, fingerprints, shell casings

A

Fingerprints and shoeprints

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10
Q

What are 3 forms of crime scene diagrams?

A

rough sketch, finished sketch, and computer aided drawing

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11
Q

What are 2 most commonly used methods for creating a crime scene diagram?

A

Baseline, Triangulation

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12
Q

T/F The notes taken at the crime scene can be discarded after the final report has been completed

A

False

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13
Q

Properties of evidence that can be associated with a group and not with a single source:

A

Class characteristics

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14
Q

Properties of evidence that can be attributed to a single source with an extremely high degree of certainty are referred to as:

A

Individual Characteristics

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15
Q

T/F Comparison is the process of ascertaining whether two or more objects have a common origin

A

True

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16
Q

AFIS is forensic database for:

A

Fingerprints

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17
Q

What forensic database stores information about DNA profiles

A

CODIS

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18
Q

What is the surgical procedure performed to determine the cause of death?

A

Autopsy

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19
Q

What are the 3 fingerprint patterns?

A

Loops, arches, whorls

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20
Q

Who published a textbook on fingerprints in 1892?

A

Francis Galton

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21
Q

T/F Multiple people have the same fingerprints

A

False

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22
Q

T/F The chain of custody is important for evidence

A

True

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23
Q

What pattern of fingerprint is the most common?

A

50% of people have loops

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24
Q

Which print is invisible to the naked eye?

A

Latent print

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25
Q

Super glue fuming should not be used on which of these surfaces, metal, leather, cardboard, plastic bag?

A

Cardboard

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26
Q

Powders should be used on the following, mirrors, glass, tiles or all of the above

A

All of the above

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27
Q

Which is not an example of a long gun, shotgun, pistol, rifle?

A

pistol

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28
Q

T/F Lands and grooves can be found outside of the barrel?

A

False

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29
Q

What kind of microscope is used to compare striation marks?

A

Comparison microscope

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30
Q

T/F The distance from which a gun was fired can be determined based on gunpowder residue.

A

True

31
Q

T/F Serial Numbers can ALWAYS be recovered from guns.

A

False

32
Q

Which areas do not retain fingerprints on a gun, barrel, revolver cylinder, edge of trigger guard.

A

Edge of trigger guard

33
Q

T/F A tool mark is an impression, cut, gouge, or abrasion caused by a tool.

A

True

34
Q

Name at least one other type of impression:

A

shoe, tire, bite mark, tool mark, and plastic fingerprint

35
Q

T/F Photography and casting should be done on footwear impressions.

A

True

36
Q

Human bite mark impressions have convicted defendants in what type of cases, robbery, homicide, rape?

A

Homicide and rape

37
Q

Arches comprise only 5% of all fingerprint patterns in the population, what are the 2 variations of arches?

A

Plain and tented

38
Q

What are friction ridges?

A

raised strips of skin found on the palms of the hands, fingertips, and soles of the feet

39
Q

Only 2 areas of the body have friction skin, they are:

A

hands and the bottom of the feet

40
Q

What are the 2 main layers of skin?

A

Epidermis and dermis

41
Q

What color does Nynhydrin produce?

A

purple

42
Q

What is the result of temporary destruction of ridges?

A

The ridges will grow back in exactly the same pattern

43
Q

What is NOT considered a porous surface, tile, cloth, paper, cardboard, skin?

A

Tile

44
Q

After successfully visualizing a latent print on an object an investigator should next…

A

Take a 1:1 photograph of the print

45
Q

Fingerprints are formed:

A

During fetal development

46
Q

Trace evidence consists of:

A

Hairs, fibers, glass, paints, and soil

47
Q

Biological evidence can consist of:

A

blood and other bodily fluids such as spittle, semen, vaginal secretions, or any other DNA source such as bone or tissue

48
Q

Fingerprints found deposited in a crime scene consist of:

A

98% water, 2% a combination of grease, oils, salts, and amino acids

49
Q

3 basic forms of fingerprints

A

Latent- invisible to the naked eye
Patent- deposits of contaminants (blood or greasy marks)
Plastic- fingerprint impressions where a print has been deposited in a soft surface like wax

50
Q

Evidence is defined as:

A

anything that tends to prove or disprove a fact in contention

51
Q

What is the purpose and goal of processing a crime scene

A

to collect as much information and evidence as possible in as pristine a condition as possible

52
Q

Why is the order of sequence of the scene processing so important?

A

you only get one chance to do it right

53
Q

What does ALS stand for?

A

Alternative light source

54
Q

When collecting shoe impressions at a crime scene, what are 3 physical methods used for collecting the impression?

A

casting, gel-lifts, electro-static lifter

55
Q

Bloodstain pattern interpretation is a discipline that utilizes

A

biology and physics

56
Q

When an individual is struck with a weapon, the object doing the striking will begin to pick up blood and cast it off onto a surface. By examining the number of these patterns one can deduce…

A

How many times a person was hit

57
Q

Blood droplets striking a surface and leaving well formed stains make it possible to determine what?

A

Direction and movement

58
Q

Spill pattern

A

pooling of blood that spills, like spilling a drink

59
Q

Expirated blood

A

blood blown out of an individuals nose, mouth, or wound

60
Q

Void area

A

An absence of stains in an otherwise continuous bloodstain pattern.

61
Q

Cast-off

A

Pattern created when blood is released or thrown from blood bearing object in motion

62
Q

Transfer pattern

A

Pattern created when a wet surface comes into contact with a second surface

63
Q

High velocity

A

Bloodstains produced by a force of approximately 100 ft per second or grater, such as a gunshot or high speed machinery

64
Q

The goal of a crime scene investigation are to make a connection between…

A

victim, crime, suspect

65
Q

For photography, what is the role of the shutter speed

A

the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes. A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure — the amount of light the camera takes in — and a slow shutter speed gives the photographer a longer exposure.

66
Q

For photography, what is the role of the aperture

A

the opening of a lens’s diaphragm through which light passes. It is calibrated in f/stops and is generally written as numbers such as 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11 and 16.

67
Q

For photography, what is the role of ISO

A

ISO refers to your camera’s sensitivity to light. The higher the ISO, the more sensitive your camera sensor becomes, and the brighter your photos appear. ISO is measured in numbers.

68
Q

Scientific method

A
  • Define the problem or question
  • Recognize variable/options
  • Gather and weigh evidence
  • Form a hypothesis, identify predictions
  • Classify and organize the data
  • Test predictions
  • State opinion
69
Q

Scientific method as per investigation

A
  • Investigative question
  • Investigative process: crime scene processing, interviews/interrogations, lab analysis, source of information, crime scene analysis
  • Investigative conclusion
70
Q

What is forensic science

A

The application of science to criminal and civil law

71
Q

AFIS stands for:

A

Automated Fingerprint Identification System

72
Q

What does CODIS stand for:

A

Combined DNA Indexing System

73
Q

What does NIBIN stand for:

A

National Integrated Ballistic Information Network

Interview (2 decks)

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