Crime SAC Flashcards
define crime
an act that violate the written laws of society, which are enacted by local, state or territory and federal government and enforced through sanctions
what are the five types of crime
Crime against the person
Crime against the property
Victimless crime
White-collar crime
corporate crime
Crime against the person/example
Acts include threatening, harassing, or injuring another person or depriving them of their freedom. The crimes are considered to be either fatal or non-fatal
E.g. murder, rape, assault
Crime against the property/example
Refers to damage or destr5uction of homes, businesses, and land, as well as burglary or theft or vehicles. It is one of the most common crimes in Australia
E.g. robbery, burglary, theft
Victimless crime/example
Refers to crime whereby all parties consent to the criminal activity and on one appears harmed in the process. For example, the exchange of services between as sex worker and a playing client is considered victimless
E.g. prostitution, drugs use, gambling
White-collar crime
Introduced by theorist Edwin Hardin Sutherland, which refers to a crime carried out by a person of respectability and high social status to privileged social classes in the course of their occupation/s
E.g. identity theft, tax fraud, copyright infringements
corporate crime/example
Refers to crimes committed by large corporations. These crimes impact individuals, groups and other corporations, as well as society as a whole.
E.g. false advertising., price fixing etc
factor that lead people to commit crimes
age, gender, socioeconomic, staus, rebellion, poverty, and ethnicity.
what are the six types of corporate crime
administrative, environmental, financial, labour, manufacturing, and unfair trade, practices
define punishment
the infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offence.
Reintegrative shaming theory
John Braithwaite’s (1989)
* Reintegrate shaming refers to when an offender is forced to come face-to-face with the effects of their crime ON their victims
* It holds them accountable
* Allows for reconciliation between offender & victim
* Aims to facilitate inclusion back into the community
Retribution
- Meets people’s desire for revenge- prove that the crime won’t be tolerated
- The punishment should be equal in severity to the crime itself
- Based on the offered “getting what they deserve”
- Restoring the moral balance between victim and offender
Deterrence (general and specific)
general - Idea that potential offenders in the community will be discouraged from committing a particular crime when they see the penalty imposed for that kind of offence
specific - Refers to discouraging the particular offender from committing more crimes
General deterrence
Rehabilitation
- in this rationale, crime is seen as a result of social problems (such as poverty) or personal problems (such as mental illness)
- as social conditions improve, so will an offender’s behaviour
- rehabilitation, like deterrence, motivates the offender to conform to socially acceptable behaviours
- it prompts the restitution of relations between the community, victim and offender
- E.g. education programs, drug and alcohol programs, work programs
- Solid Steps Program
Societal protection (Physical and geographic)
Physical incapacitated involves punishment E.g. taking someone license or seizing stolen goods
Geographic incapacitated refers to incarceration E.g. imprisonment or home detention
