Crime & Punishment 1.2 Flashcards
When was the Norman forest law introduced
1079
When was Normans rule in England and when did it end
1066 - 1135
What was illegal under the Norman forest laws
Hunting
Collection of food
Having a dog with sharp claws
What were the punishment of the Norman forest laws
Fine
First 2 finger chopped of
Blinded
Death
Who enforced the Norman forest law
Forrest law officials -rich men
In the year c1000 - c1500 how many crimes were against a person
18%
In the year c1000 - c1500 how many crimes were against property
73 - small scale theft
In the year c1000 - c1500 how many crimes were against authority
Very few, increased after Norman conquest
What Anti-Norman crimes where introduced after Norman conquest
Killing a Norman:
Norman who came with William I were guaranteed safety, if a dead Norman was found the lord would have to find the murder or be fined 46marks of silver
Murdrum fine:
If a dead Norman was found in a Saxon village the whole village would have to pay a fine
What moral crimes were introduced and why?
Adultery, sex before marriage and failing to follow the church.
Normans we’re very religious; Williams invasion of England was sponsored by the pope
How did money play a role in Norman’s introducing new crimes
Fines now included a taxation right for the kind, meaning more money for a bigger army
How did authority play a role in Normans introducing new crimes
Saxons did not like their new Norman leaders e.g Hereward the wake. So laws gave an excuse to put into place law enforcement
Why did religion play a role in Norman’s creating new laws
The pope sponsored the envision of England and William I’s brother was a Senior figure in the church
Anglo-Saxons Capital punishment
Death penalty- used to deter other of crime “gallows” on top of hill so other could see
Anglo-Saxons corporal punishments
Public beating Mutilation The stocks Used due to the lack Of prisons
What was Wegeld
Compensation of one’s death e.g death of a king was Wotan 12,000 shilling -1.2M today
What was Botgled
Compensation of injury
Foot -50 shinglings -£5,000
Why did Norman’s introduce more fines instead of Botgeld and Wergeld
Breaking a law was a crime Against the king so he Should collect the money. Also Deterred crime Raised money Imposes authority
Why were Norman punishments harsher(in royal courts)
Saxons out numbered Norman 300: 1 so harsh crimes would deter them:
E.g forest law
Why were punishments more lenient (in church court)
Churches were less likely to use death penalty or mutilation
Shows how religious Norman’s were, these Corte were for church man as they served God and not appropriate to be punished the same way as ordinary people
What was the neck verse
Many people attempted to claim they were clergy men so they had to recite psalms 51. As if you could read it you could avoid death and in hand “save your neck”
What is sanctuary
If you commit a crime you could claim sanction at the church and therefore have 2 options have a trial at king court or leave the country
Why did trial by ordeal end in 1215? -attitude in society
Local people believe the guilty could be found innocent and vice versa. Trial by jury was preferred
