crime - interactionism Flashcards
What are the 5 Interactionist explanations of crime?
- The Social Construction of Deviance
- Differential Enforcement
- Typification (Negotiation of Justice)
- The Effects of Labelling
- Self-fulfilling Prophecy and Deviant Career
What does the Social Construction of Deviance theory argue?
No act is deviant in itself: deviance is social construction
What does Becker argue that powerful social groups do in the S.C.D theory do?
Create deviance by creating rules and applying them to particular people who they label as ‘outsiders’
Which sociologist in the S.C.D theory argues powerful social groups create deviance by creating rules and applying them to particular people?
Becker
Who does Becker argue creates deviance by creating rules and applying them to particular people in the S.C.D theory?
Powerful social groups
What is the label given to those who powerful social groups create and apply rules to in the S.C.D theory?
Outsiders
What phrase does Becker use in the S.C.D theory to describe how people have the power to create deviant behaviour/label?
‘Deviance is in the eye of the beholder’
‘Deviance is in the eye of the beholder’ is used in the S.C.D theory to describe what?
People have the power to create deviant behaviour/label
The S.C.D theory argues that an act or person only becomes deviant when….?
They have been labelled
What are Moral Crusaders in the S.C.D theory?
People who lead a moral ‘crusade’ to change the law
What is the name given to those who lead a moral ‘crusade’ to change the law in the S.C.D theory?
Moral Crusaders
In the S.C.D theory what two effects does a new law have?
- a new group of outsiders
- creation/expansion of a social control agency
to enforce the rule and impose labels
What are examples of the two effects that new laws have in the S.C.D theory?
Homosexuality, abortion, smoking marijuana
What are homosexuality, abortion, smoking marijuana examples of in the S.C.D theory?
The two effects that new laws have
What is a Marxist criticism of Social Construction of Deviance?
The theory fails to locate the origins of such labels in the structure of capitalism
Which theory can be evaluated by saying that it fails to locate the origins of such labels in the structure of capitalism?
Social Construction of Deviance
What does the Differential Enforcement theory argue?
Not everyone who commits offences are punished for them, whether they’re arrested depends on certain factors
Which theory argues that not everyone who commits offences are punished for them, whether they’re arrested depends on certain factors?
Differential Enforcement
Differential Enforcement argues that agencies of social control tend to label certain groups as….
Criminal
In the Differential Enforcement theory which agency tends to label certain groups as criminal?
Agencies of Control
In the Differential Enforcement theory what stereotypical ideas did Pilliavin and Briar find decisions to arrest were based on?
manner, dress, gender, class, ethnicity
Which Sociologists in the Differential Enforcement theory argue the police arrest based on stereotypical ideas?
Pilliavan and Briar
In the Differential Enforcement what do police statistics tell us about stop and search rates of young black males?
They are 7 times more likely to be stopped and searched
Which theory uses the example of young black males being 7 times more likely to be stopped and searched?
Differential Enforcement
