Crime Definitions

Question 1

Burglary - section 9 (1) (a) Theft act 1968

Answer 1

Person enters any building or part of building as a trespasser and with intent to either:

Theft
Inflict GBH to a person inside
Or commit criminal damage to the building / anything inside

Question 2

Burglary - Section 9 (1) (b)

Answer 2

Having entered any building or part of building as a trespasser, they steal or attempt to steal or inflicts or attempts to inflict GBH

Same as Section A, just without the criminal damage element

Question 3

Aggravated Burglary (Sec 10)

Answer 3

Person who commits any burglary with any of the below (W.I.F.E):

Weapon of offence
Imitation firearm
Firearm
Explosive

Question 4

Theft (Sec 1 Theft act 1968)

Answer 4

When a person dishonestly appropriates property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it

Question 5

Robbery (Sec 8, Theft Act 1968)

Answer 5

Person is guilty of robbery if they steal and immediately before or at the time use force on any person or puts or seeks to put any person in fear of being then and there subjected to force

If there is no theft it can’t be classed as robbery.

• Slightest force, if used to accomplish theft, makes it a robbery
• Force doesn’t need to be against the owner of the item being stolen

Question 6

Distraction Burglary

Answer 6

Where a falsehood, trick or distraction is used on an occupant of a dwelling, to gain or try to gain access to the premises to commit burglary.

Question 7

Myriapod Burglary

Answer 7

A burglary when home broken into with prime objective to steal keys of expensive vehicles

Question 8

Criminal Damage

Answer 8

Person is guilty of criminal damage if they, without Lawful excuse, destroy or damage any property belonging to another, intending or being reckless as to whether any such property would be destroyed or damaged

Question 9

Arson

Answer 9

Any form or criminal damage caused by fire

Question 10

Aggravated Damage

Answer 10

Person intends by the destruction or damage to endanger life of another or being reckless to whether the life of another would be thereby endangered.

Question 11

Theft of Vehicle

Answer 11

T.W.O.C

T aken
W ithout
O ut
C onsent

Person takes conveyance without the owners consent or other lawful authority for the use of themselves or another, or knowing it has been taken without the owners consent and themselves being carried in it

Question 12

Aggravated Vehicle Taking

Answer 12

Theft of conveyance

Would apply when offenders have driven dangerously, or caused death, injury or damage to property while, for example, driving a stolen vehicle, or a vehicle driven without the owner’s authority.

Question 13

Vehicle Interference

Answer 13

Effectively someone who fails at their intention of Stealing the vehicle or some of its contents.

Person who interferes with a motor vehicle or trailer or anything carried on it, with the intention that they or another are trying to commit another vehicle offence.

Question 14

Assaults & Threats - Common Assault

Answer 14

Suspect intentionally or recklessly causes another person to fear unlawful immediate violence.

This can involve physical and non physical violence (threats - words or raised fists)

Question 15

Assaults & Threats - A.B.H - Actual Bodily Harm

Answer 15

Assaults that causes harm to a person’s body.

More serious action than a push / shove

Example injury - bruises, scratches, bite marks

Question 16

Assaults & Threats - G.B.H - Grievous Bodily Harm

Answer 16

When someone intentionally or recklessly inflicts serious bodily harm to another.

Examples: Broken bones, serious disfigurement, permanent loss of sensors function

Question 17

Assaults & Threats - G.B.H with intent

Answer 17

G.B.H with:

Deliberate use and selection of weapon

Repeated attack or planned attack

Ferocity and / or duration of assault

Example: Stabbing, running someone over, kicking someone in the head

Question 18

Assaults & Threats - Strangulation

Answer 18

A person commits an offence if they intentionally strangle another.

Example: Compressing victims’ necks to restrict breathing.

Usually, two hands round the throat, headlock, ligature

Question 19

Assaults & Threats - Suffocation

Answer 19

Act of restricting breathing via different means to strangulation

Example: Hand over nose and mouth, compressing chest

Question 20

Assaults & Threats - Throwing Corrosive Liquid

Answer 20

Maliciously applying / throwing corrosive liquid with intent to burn, maim disfigure or disable a person, whether injury caused or not!!

Question 21

Assaults & Threats - Threats to kill (T.T.K)

Answer 21

A threat that results in a person fearing they or someone else will be murdered

Question 22

Assaults & Threats - Manslaughter

Answer 22

Unlawful killing of another, but not preplanned murder.

Voluntary manslaughter: The offender intended to kill or cause serious harm, but there is a partial defense, such as diminished responsibility or loss of control.

Involuntary manslaughter: The offender did not intend to kill or cause serious harm, but death resulted from an unlawful act or gross negligence.

Unlawful act manslaughter: The offender’s actions resulted in death, and a reasonable person would have realized that the actions posed a risk of physical harm.

Question 23

Assaults & Threats - Murder

Answer 23

The unlawful killing of a person with the intent to kill or cause serious harm:

The killing must not be in self-defense or in defence of another

The killing must not be accidental

The killing must be a substantial cause of death

There are two types of murder in the UK: first-degree and second-degree.

First-degree murder is premeditated,

Second-degree murder is a random killing.

Question 24

Riot (Public Order - Section 1)

Answer 24

12 or more people who are present together use, or threaten unlawful violence for a common purpose and the conduct of them (taken together) is such as would cause a person of reasonable firmness present at the scene to fear for his personal safety

Question 25

Violent disorder (Public Order - Section 2)

Answer 25

3 or more people who are present together use or threaten unlawful violence, and the conduct of them taken together is such as would cause a person of reasonable firmness present at the scene to fear for his personal safety.

Question 26

Affray (Public Order - Section 3)

Answer 26

Person uses or threatens unlawful violence towards another and his conduct is such as would cause a person of reasonable firmness present at the scene to fear for his personal safety

Question 27

Fear of provocation of violence - (Public Order - Section 4)

Answer 27

Person uses threatening, abusive, insulting words or behaviour or distribute any writing, sign or visible representation to another person with intent to cause that person to believe that immediate unlawful violence would be used against them or being aware that the person is likely to believe that.

Question 28

Intentional harassment, alarm or distress (Public Order - Section 4A)

Answer 28

When a person with intent to cause a person harassment, alarm or distress uses threatening abusive, insulting words or behaviour or displays any writing, sign or visible representation which was threatening, abusive or insulting causing that another person harassment, alarm or distress

Question 29

Threatening, abusive or insulting behaviour (Public Order - Section 5)

Answer 29

Person uses threatening, abusive words or behaviour or disorderly behaviour, or displays any writing, sign or other visible representation which is threatening, abusive or insulting, with the hearing or sight of a person likely to be caused harassment, alarm or distress

Question 30

Breach of the peace (Public Order)

Answer 30

A breach of the peace is committed whenever harm is done or is likely to be done to a person or in their presence to their property or a person is out in fear of being harmed through assault, affray riot or other disturbance.

I.e Female outside my house, threaten to damage my car if I don’t move it.

Question 31

Drunk and disorderly (Public Order)

Answer 31

Any person who in any public place whilst under the influence of alcohol, behaves in a disorderly manner, will be guilty of disorderly behaviour.

It is also an offence for any person to be found drunk in any public place whether in a building or not, or any licenced premises.

Question 32

Racially or religiously aggravated - Public Order

Answer 32

Victim caused harassment, alarm or distress by the words used.

Example - group outside mosque shouting go back to your own country

Question 33

Pre Planned Events (Public Order)

Answer 33

Being made aware of events such as:

Old town live
Concerts at Knebworth House
Watford fc matches

Question 34

Drug offences (x 3)

Answer 34

Possession

Possession with intent to supply (PWITS)

Production / cultivation

Question 35

Cuckooing

Answer 35

Term used where vulnerable people get exploited and their houses get taken over by criminals, to aid criminal activity.

Question 36

County Lines (Operation Mantis)

Answer 36

Urban gangs supplying drugs to suburban areas such as market or coastal towns

They use dedicated mobile phone lines or “deal lines”.

Gangs use children and vulnerable people to move drugs and money about

Question 37

Kidnap (Crime in Action)

Answer 37

A person who without lawful excuse takes or carries another person away by force or fraud without their consent

Question 38

Product Contamination (Crime in Progress)

Answer 38

The contamination or threat of contamination of goods to cause public injury, alarm, anxiety or financial loss

Example - emailing Tesco to say you have contaminated their Finest Soup and asking for ransom payment for details of which batch exactly was affected.

May only be a threat and not actually been contaminated

Question 39

Sextortion (Crime in Progress)

Answer 39

A form of blackmail where sexual information or images are used to extort serial favours from the victim.

Children 15 to 17 and adults 18 to 30 are at particular risk.

Question 40

Malicious Communications (Social Media and the law)

Answer 40

A person sends to another person, a letter, electronic communication or article of any description which conveys a message which is indecent or grossly offensive, a threat or any info which is false and is known or believed to be false by the sender

Question 41

Protection of children (Social Media and the law)

Answer 41

A person who takes, or permits to be taken, makes,
distributes or shows, has in their possession with a view to
their being distributed or shown by themselves or others, or
publishes or causes to be published any advertisement likely
to be understood as conveying that they distribute or show,
or intend to do so any indecent photograph or pseudo
photograph of a child (under 18).

Question 42

Protection from harassment (Social Media and the law)

Answer 42

A person must not pursue a course of conduct which amounts to harassment of another, and which they know or ought to know amounts to harassment of the other.

Question 43

Revenge Porn (Social Media and the law)

Answer 43

It is an offence for a person to disclose
private sexual photos or film, if made..

• without consent
• with intention of causing that individual distress

Online grooming

Reasons it happens:
- Sexual exploitation
- Paedophiles
- Trafficking
- Drugs
- Terrorism

Methods of Abuse:
- Multiple online identities
- Targeting
- Research of victim
- chatrooms, online gaming, social media

Question 44

Active Shooter - Operation Plato

Answer 44

• Our response to a marauding
  Terrorist / Non terrorist attack, who have used and actively still deliberately searching new victims.
• Initial call often doesn’t reveal true nature of what is about to unfold.
• could be multiple location events, particularly crowded areas
• multiple calls at the same time placing unprecedented demands
• Subjects shouting out their ideology, slogans, remarks
• subjects armed with bladed weapons or firearms
• could be use of moving vehicle as a weapon

Op Plato is declared across the whole FCR

• Single ISR will be declared as master log
• Business as usual now NO LONGER Applies
• All non Plato, non-emergency calls will not be taken
• The Hot Zone - the area where terrorist activity is taking place
• The warm zone - area where terrorist activity has stopped, but cannot be guaranteed to be safe.
• The cold zone - known as safe location

Jargon Buster:

• RVP - Renderour point
• FCP - Forward command point
• NIL0- National interagency liaison officer
• HART - Hazardous Armed response team
• Operation Temperer - Mass military assistance
• Operation Citadel - Deals with terrorist seige
• MACA - military aid to civil Authority

Question 45

I.O.R - Initial operational Response

CBRN Incident - Operation Halcyon

Answer 45

Chemical
Biological
Radiological
Nuclear

• A mass casualty event I.e truck crash carrying chemicals
• Ilicit Drug labs - Sometimes chemicals used cause harm
• Individual chemical exposure (I.C.E) - chemical suicide
• An explosive environment - smell of gas? Change of heat?
• White powder of sus items - could be chemical agent
• Radiation incident - call border force to assist
• Contaminated water incident

Indicators of CBRN Incident:

• Disorientation & sweating
• twitching & convulsions
• Airway irritation and breathing difficulties
• Eye & skin irritation
• Nausea & vomiting
• 2 or more people incapacitated
• unexplained liquids, powders, vapours
• Unexplained smells or tastes

Indication of individual chemical exposure

• warning notes / suicide note
• Duck tape, plastic or towels used to cover vents / windows
• Occupants appearing unconscious
• BBQ in sealed or partially sealed
• Evidence of smoke, Carbon dioxide alarms been disabled

First 15 mins are crucial to saving lives

Stages of response

• IOR - commences when the first report of an incident is received by the emergency services, provides opportunity to immediately
  provide life saving advice
• SOR - Specialist Operational Response
  Different specialist resources will arrive at the incident at different times

R.A.R
Recognise
Assess
React

Question 46

Domestic Abuse

Answer 46

any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between those aged 16 or over who are, or have been, intimate partners or family members regardless of gender or sexuality.

The abuse can encompass but is not limited to:

psychological
physical
sexual
financial
emotional

Examples of Coercive Behaviour

• constant criticism
humiliation
• jealous or possessive behaviour
• controlling family finances
isolating the victim
• restricting a victim’s movements
• dictating what a victim wears or how they do their hair
• dictating a victim’s routine or schedule
• preventing the victim from working outside the home or monitoring them at work restricting access to communications
• manipulating the police

Clare’s Law

Right to ask is when a member of the public wants to find out if police hold any
information to suggest they are at risk of DA from their partner. If a member of the public
requests a Clare’s Law disclosure, please ask the applicant to go the Herts Police website,
and under the “Request” option, take the “request information about a person option”
and then Clares’ Law. The applicant should then work through the questions and all
information will be sent for an assessment.

Right to know is for occasions when you as a member of police staff are aware that a
person is unknowingly at risk of DA and they would benefit from being told about that
risk.