Crime and the law Flashcards
Social impacts if crime
Physical
P: Results im physical damage or threat, can lead to hospitalisation, scars leave pernament damage on victim.
E: womens rugby player left paralyzed after ilegal tackel
R: Not only impact, mental health people often. more scared from PTSD etc
E: 33% of violent crime victims suffer from some PTSD symptoms imoacting employment and put extra presure on mental health services
L:
causes of crime
Collectivist: Marxist Theory
E: Karl Marx, society was set up so that the rich could exploit the poor, the inequalities in the system gives injustice to those at the bottom creating frustraion that causes crime
E: In england 307 per 100000 prisoners were from the most deprived areas compared to 30 per 100000 from the least deprived areas
R: Crime is historically lower in comunist countries due to tighter control and economic equality
E: Murder is 3x higher in vietnam a comunist country
L: Yes, describes similar society to what we see today with extream ineuality
Role of prison: Detterence
E: Threat of Prison puts people of Prison, Prison are last resort and are used when Someone was Shown they can’t be trusted
E: Keir Stammer anti ingrants nots
R: If this were true why do people reoffend, reoffending is high
E: Reoffending rates for custalial Sentences is 42% higher than non-custodial sentences
L: Works when used unfairly, but when it isnt it’s uneffective
Non custodial response to crime: electronic tagging
RLO (restriction of liberty order)
E. Alous curfew and restriction from certain areas
E: Cheaper- £3500 annual compres to prison £50000 annually
R: Difficult for offender to retun to society, they cant hide the tag causing Stigma, unemployment and difficult to Socialise
E: DunDee football player got labeled “Thug footballer” for wearing a tag during a match
L: many feel that it has taken too long to show progress
Social impact of crime: stigma
P: Hard to get rid of criminal label
E: offenders often lose support from family and friends , People mock and , this applies to these accused but didn’t commit.
E: Thug Footballer
R: Many government Programs auming to combat this.
E: Many reform and return effectivly back into Society
E: Trailblazers aims to settle offendes going back into society
L: stigma is created by breaking the law but programs are available
Non custodial responses to crimes: Fines (FPN)
E: £100, SPeeding & Anti Social behavior
E: 2017 15000 antisocial behavior FPNS, 48% decrease from 2016
R: Police not handing at enough FPNS, the fines are too smal to be noticeable Speeding has been criticized for this & does not deter motorists.
E: 1 in 5 deaths in Scotland Come from speeding
L: effective to those incomes are proportionate to the fee but not to those on in proportional.
Causes of crime: Hobbes theory- human nature
E: An individualist theory , believe crime a part of human nature. People are naturally greedy.
E: 3 men Set fire to Shop in Lester received £300 insurance payout, 5 people died.
R: Sociologist argue, is Hobees was correct crime rates waid be significantly higher Humans would be motivate by Self interes only
E: 0.11% of Uk population is in Prison
L: Does not explain as stats do not agree
Causes of crime: strain theory - Robert Merton
E: Crime occurs when there aren’t enough oppertunities for people to achieve normal societal success.
When people are faced with gap between their goals a Stats Strain Occurs. This strang resuls in frustration and resentment and means Peeple will use illegal means to secure success.
E: 47% of Crimes commited in scotland are crimes ot dishonesty Suggesting innovative ways to achieve financial gaines they couldn’t do legally
Legally.
R: Doesn’t explain violent crime/ sexual
E: No financial gain or status
E: 800k victims of sexual crime 2019/20
L: Explains crime of dishonesty but not sexual or physical
Roles of prison: safe and secure
P: Keep guards Prisoners safe, prisons are designed to prevent danger and to prevent them from escaping.
E: 3 prison escapes in the last 10 years in UK.
R: Prisons conditions have been criticized by inmates & campaigner
E: Self ham in Prisons are at record highs.
L: prisons are safe physicaly, not mentally which is arguey more
Important.
Non custodial responses to crime: community payback order (cpo)
E: Sentence of the courts, imposed along side other punishments tag, fire
Community service, and or rehab program, giving back to community they took back from.
E: in 2023 38 cpos given out per 10000 People
R: Too soft & doesn’t effectively deter crime, sentences inclule litter picking and painting - an easy way to escape prison.
E: 74% Completian rate, 49% drug Completion rate .
L: Effective at Supporting Communities, Very short & net enough punishmet
Social impact of crime: separation of families
P: Negitive impact when someone is jailed.
E. Children could be moved into care and lose contact with parent many parents don’t want their kids near
Prisons
L: Bernardos- 30000 Kids with parents in Prison
E: Has knock on effect with children’s education , kids have disrupted learning and don’t have the same opportunities
E: 7% of children live through parent in prison in school, massive disruptin to education
L: A Significant impact on families and massive distress is Caused
Economic impact of crime: victim employment
P: violent crime ends in physical damage which can prevent perpetrator from working
E: can’t wore due to physical& mantel trauma this leads to loss of income, Goverment will need to pay for Sick pay benefits
E: women’s Rugby Player left paralyzed after illegal tackle
R: Services are available CICA, victims of violent crime can receive payout of between £1000 & £250k
E: in 2018 CICA payed £130 million,huge cost to wider Society.
L: Massive impact on victim, governments has made efforts to tackle this but at the tax payer expense
the tex payers expense.
Economic impact of crime: offender employment
P: They will find it difficult to settle into society , finding trust of employers
E: Empeyer might find it hard to trust someon with criminal record
E: 90% of those leaving prison are unemployed
R: There are law to encourage ex offendes to work
E: Rehabilitation of offenders Act allows most convictions to be considered spent after a period of time
E: Despite this offinds still have gaps in employment. Londer charity Bounce back helps ex offinds to find work.
L: impact is sever, lack of employment, skills etc will damage their opertunities
Economic impact of crime: Impact on families and communities
P: familis are sait up
E: If the breadwinner get jailed its a massive loss of income for the family
E: £ 2 billion was Spent on child maintenance by offenders
R: This has a wider effect on society, Many don’t want to like in areas with high crim and people leave.
E: house Values drop in areas with high crime rates, Dundee & Edinburgh
L: Huge impuct and takes huge effect to tackle this Families need support and area need revitalised
Economic impact of crime: Impact on families and communities
P: familis are sait up
E: If the breadwinner get jailed its a massive loss of income for the family
E: £ 2 billion was Spent on child maintenance by offenders
R: This has a wider effect on society, Many don’t want to like in areas with high crim and people leave.
E: house Values drop in areas with high crime rates, Dundee & Edinburgh
L: Huge impuct and takes huge effect to tackle this Families need support and area need revitalised
