CRIME AND THE LAW

Question 1

TYPES/LEVELS OF CRIME
VIOLENT

Answer 1

P- one type/level of crime is violent
E- this means that these types of violent crimes consist of murder and assault
E- SCJS 2022 says 1 in four of all Scottish crimes is violent

Question 2

TYPES/LEVELS OF CRIME
PROPERTY CRIME

Answer 2

P-one type/level of crime is property
E- this means these types of property crimes consist of shoplifting and theft
E- SJCS 2022 says property crime is 3 quarters of all Scottish crimes

Question 3

TYPES/LEVELS OF CRIME
SEXUAL CRIME

Answer 3

P- one type/level of crime is sexual
E- this means that types of sexual crime consit of rape and sexual assault
E- sexual crime has increased by 70% in the last 10 years

Question 4

CAUSES OF CRIME-BIOLOGICAL
WARRIOR GENE

Answer 4

P- this means one biological cause of crime is having the warrior gene
E- this means someone with this gene lacks empathy and care towards their victims or crime.
E- people with this gene are 13 times more likely to have a violent past

Question 5

CAUSES OF CRIME-BIOLOGICAL
MENTAL HEALTH

Answer 5

P- one biological cause of crime is mental health
E-this means that a person with mental issues may find it difficult to distinguish right from wrong or controlling aggression.
E- 15% of the Scottish prison population have a long-term mental health issue

Question 6

CAUSES OF CRIME-BIOLOGICAL
SEX(MALE)

Answer 6

P- one biological cause of crime is being male
E- this means that men are more likely to commit crimes due to their high levels of testosterone causing aggression and anger.
E- Only 7% of prisoners in Scotland are female

Question 7

CAUSES OF CRIME-ECONOMIC
POVERTY

Answer 7

P- one economic cause of crime is poverty
E- this means that people who are unable to make ends meet are more likely to commit a crime to have basic niceties like food money and water leading them to carry out crimes like robberies
E- Example-Glasgow and Dundee have the highest crime and poverty rate

Question 8

CAUSES OF CRIME-ECONOMIC
ADDICTION

Answer 8

P- one economic cause of crime is addiction
E- this means people who are addicted to a substance like drugs are more likely to commit a crime due to them needing to fund these addictions they have causing them to commit felonies like robbery
E- Barlinnie prison has 80% addiction rate

Question 9

CAUSE OF CRIME-ECONOMIC
GREED

Answer 9

P- one economic cause of crime is greed
E- this means people who want more and are willing to do anything to get there are more likely to commit crimes like fraud and robbery to feed their greed
E- Hatton Garden heist robbers stole 14 million

Question 10

CAUSES OF CRIME-SOCIAL
POOR ROLE MODELS

Answer 10

P- one social cause of crime is poor role models
E- This means children or siblings of perpetrators are likely to become a criminals themselves as they have no one to look up to to show them right from wrong
E- barnandos found children of offenders are 3x more likely to become offenders themselves

Question 11

CAUSE OF CRIME-SOCIAL
ADDICTION

Answer 11

P- one social cause of crime is addiction
E- this means that addiction to alcohol or drugs means that the perpetrator committing the crime is not sober or able to make a rational decision on whether they should commit a crime.
E- Example-40% of prisoners were drunk at the time of offense

Question 12

CAUSE OF CRIME-SOCIAL
LACK OF EDUCATION

Answer 12

P- one social cause of crime is lack of education
E- this means that people with a lack of education, grades, or qualifications cannot get jobs or be able to know what right and wrong leading them to commit crimes
E- 60% of prisoners have no qualifications

Question 13

IMPACT OF CRIME-PERPETRATOR

Answer 13

PRISON-loss of freedom-Andrew Wallace(Julie Riley)
LOSE FAMILY-ashamed, Aaron Campbell(Alesha Mcphail)
LOSE JOB-John Leatham(Paige Doherty)

Question 14

IMPACT OF CRIME-VICTIM

Answer 14

DEATH-Julie Reilly (Andrew Wallace)
FEAR-Aleesha Mcphail (Adam Campbell)
PAIN-Paige Doherty (John Leatham)

Question 15

IMPACT OF CRIME-FAMILIES

Answer 15

stigma-revenge attacks the family of Andrew Wallace
contact-50% lose contact with prisoner family member
Grief/loss-family of Paige Doherty

Question 16

IMPACT OF CRIME-COMMUNITIES

Answer 16

Govan-Increased security including installing cameras and alarms-Julie Reilly
Rothesay-loss of tourism-Aleesha McPhail
Clydebank-fear, lack of trust- Paige Doherty

Question 17

ROLES OF THE POLICE

Answer 17

P- one role of the police is the use of animals
E- detect crime through animals
E- Otis and bear (dogs) found Emma Faulds’s body in kilmarnock in 2021

P- one role of the police is CID
E- Protect the Public by finding evidence to arrest criminals​
E- They arrested Aaron Campbell for the murder of Aleesha McPhail

P- one role of the police is community policing
E- Using high visibility & stop & search prevents Crime​
E- 30,000 stop and searches in 2022 (police Scotland)

Question 18

EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICE

Answer 18

MEDIOCRE-2023 Police Scotland clear up rate was 53% (1/2)! ​

VERY GOOD- In 2023 Very good clear up rate - Crimes against society (9/10).​

​NOT GOOD-2023 only half of sexual crimes cleared up and has increased since by 70% since 2013 yet dropped since 2021!​

​NOT EFFECTIVENE-Very poor clear up rates 2023- Damage & reckless behaviour (1/4) 2023.​

SLIGHTLY EFFECTIVE-​2022 SCJS - Only 1/3 Scots reported crime to the police, 1/2 believe they are doing an excellent job

Question 19

CHILDRENS HEARING

Answer 19

P- one effectiveness of childrens hearings is they Protect children
E- Protect children from abuse & neglect​
E-3000 Panel Members in Scotland

P- one effectiveness of children’s hearing is they encourage children back to school
E- Panels encourage children back to school​
E- 10,000 children attended a panel in 2022​

Question 20

COURTS-PRISONS
PROTECTS PUBLIC/EFFECTIVENESS

Answer 20

P- one sentence of the court is that they put criminals in prison
E- this means that prison protects the public from violent offenders as well as loss of liberty for criminals
E- Least likely 17% sentence in 2022 – S. Govt​

Question 21

COURTS-CPO

Answer 21

P-one sentence of the court is CPO
E-litter picking/ charity work up to 300 hours over 3 years​
E- 70% of all community sentences 2022 S. Govt​

Question 22

COURTS-FINE

Answer 22

P- one sentence of the court is a fine
E- Makes money to invest into preventing and solving crime - Repay compensation​
E- Most popular sentence 2022(46%) Scottish.Govt​

Question 23

VERDICTS IN COURT

Answer 23

P- Guilty
e.g- 90% found guilty in 2022​

P- Not Guilty
e.g- 10% not found guilty in 2022

Question 24

TYPES OF COURTS

Answer 24

P- Sherif
E- Up to 5 years in prison, up to £10,000 fine
E- ​Hamilton (Anthony Stokes 5 months for domestic abuse) Sheriff Court

P-​ High
E- Unlimited imprisonment & fines​
E- Glasgow High Court (Andrew Wallace)​

Question 25

PRISON EFFECTIVENESS

Answer 25

PROTECTS PUBLIC-Aaron Campell
REHABILITATES offenders with alcohol or anger problems-28% re-offend and 72% don’t
JUSTICE-families get closure-eg julie Reilly

Question 26

INEFFECTIVENESS OF PRISON

Answer 26

COST TO HIGH- £35000 for 1 prisoner per year
OVERCROWDING- leads to violence and lack of space on rehabilitation courses 140% capacity in Barline
LOSS OF CONTACT- 50% of families who lose all contact with a prisoner
the children of offenders are 3x more likely to become an offender themselves.

Question 27

ALTERNITIVES TO PRISON

Answer 27

​FINE – ACCORDING TO SCOT GOVT- 2022 FINES WERE THE MOST POPULAR SENTENCE MAKES £ VS PRISON £37,000 P/Y - 46%​

​CPO – ACCORDING TO SCOT COURTS- 70% OF ALL COMMUNITY PUNISHMENTS WERE REHABILITATIVE CPOS IN 2022 VS 140% CAPACITY AT BARLINNIE PRISON- NO CHANCE OF REHAB.​

​HDC – tag - FAMILIES OUTSIDE FOUND 50% LOSE ALL CONTACT WHEN A FAMILY MEMBER GOES TO PRISON

Question 28

GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO REDUCE CRIME

Answer 28

COMMUNITY POLICE- 800 more community police on the street – Police Scotland-clear up rate 2023 for crimes against society 9/10!​

​CLOSING CORNTON VALE- Closing Cornton Vale Prison- only 2/10 offenders are female while Barnardos found children of offenders are 3x more likely to become offenders themselves​

​STOP AND SEARCHES- 30,000 Stop & Searches in Scotland 2022/ VRU – violent crime now only ¼ reported crime in SCJS 2022.​