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S4 National 5 Modern Studies > Crime and the Law > Flashcards

Crime and the Law Flashcards

1
Q

State three biological causes of crime.

A

Hormones
Warrior Gene
Lombroso Theory

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2
Q

Explain how hormones can lead to someone commit a crime.

A

Men have higher levels of testosterone than women which often make them more aggressive and prone to risk taking. This aggression or risk taking could make them more likely to take part in violent crimes.

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3
Q

In 2019, what percentage of prisoners were male?

A

90%

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4
Q

Explain how the warrior gene can lead to someone commit a crime.

A

The warrior gene is linked to aggression and impulsive behaviour. People who carry it are at a higher risk of committing violent crime.

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5
Q

People with the warrior gene are how many times more likely to commit a violent crime?

A

13

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6
Q

State three economic causes of crime.

A

Poverty
Greed
Unemployment

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7
Q

Explain how poverty can lead someone to someone commit a crime.

A

In areas of high deprivation there tends to be high rate of crime. Society attaches a lot of importance to material possessions such as having the latest phone, the biggest house, newest clothes etc. Those who cannot afford these as well as the basics to survive in life may turn to crimes to provide what they cannot afford.

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8
Q

What percentage of crimes of dishonesty were people stealing food and clothing from shops?

A

25%

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9
Q

Explain how greed can lead someone to commit a crime.

A

Crimes of greed usually occur when an individual is relatively wealthy but wants even more, turning to white collar crimes such as embezzlement, fraud and money laundering.

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10
Q

An RBS Customer Service Adviser, Sean Adams, stole how much from two elderly customers?

A

£39,000

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11
Q

State three white collar crimes.

A

Tax evasion
Fraud
Insider trading

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12
Q

Which former MP was convicted of embezzlement and sentenced to jail?

A

Natalie McGarry

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13
Q

State three types of crime.

A

Drug crime
Knife crime
Domestic abuse

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14
Q

What does drug crime involve?

A

The possession of drugs, supply of drugs or allowing your premises to be used for the purpose of drug taking.

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15
Q

How may years in prison can you face for the possession of a class A drug and up to life imprisonment for selling.

A

7

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16
Q

What does knife crime involve?

A

This type of crime could involve possessing a knife, selling a knife, using or attempting to use a knife.

17
Q

How may years in prison can you face for the possession of a knife in Scotland?

A

5

18
Q

What is domestic abuse?

A

Any incidents of controlling, threatening behaviour or abuse of partners or family members.

19
Q

What types of crime are on the rise?

A

Drug crime
Knife crime
Domestic abuse

20
Q

Explain how drug crime is a rising problem in Scotland.

A

Scotland has the highest rate of drug related deaths in Europe and figures of police seizures of illegal drugs have significantly increased suggesting that drug use is a growing problem.

21
Q

How many peoplelost their lives to drug misuse in Scotland in 2021?

A

1,330

22
Q

Explain how knife crime is a rising problem in England and Wales.

A

The number of knife attacks in many areas of England and Wales has dramatically increased over the last year. Fatal stabbings have been a major issue in areas like London.

23
Q

What percentage did knife crime increase by in 2023?

A

10%

24
Q

The number of domestic abuse crimes recorded by police, in England and Wales, rose in 2021. What did it rise to?

A

Nearly 850,000.

25
Q

What evidence is there that religious hate crime is decreasing in Scotland?

A

Crimes aggravated by religious prejudice are at their lowest since 2004-5.

26
Q

What could be the reason behind religious hate crimes in Scotland decreasing?

A

Due programmes such as Nil By Mouth, as well as a wider Scottish Government hate crime campaign called Dear Haters.

27
Q

What evidence is there that knife crime is decreasing in Scotland?

A

Scotland has the lowest rate of knife crime out of anywhere in the UK.

28
Q

What could be the reason behind knife crimes in Scotland decreasing?

A

The Scottish Violence Reduction Unit was set up in 2005 and works with communities, schools and social services, as well as the NHS to try to tackle the problem.

29
Q

Describe the belief that some people are born criminals.

A

Some people believe that criminals are physiologically different from ‘normal’ human beings. They would argue that criminals have no choice, it is in their nature to commit crimes.

30
Q

Explain how poor mental health can lead someone to commit a crime.

A

Many prisoners have shown symptoms that are linked to mental health issues such as schizophrenia, which may have led to delusions or distorted their perception of reality leading to the individual to committing a crime.

31
Q

What percentage of female prisons are reported to have mental health issues?

A

25%

32
Q

What percentage of male prisons are reported to have mental health issues?

A

15%

33
Q

What percentage of the general public are reported to have mental health issues?

A

4%

S4 National 5 Modern Studies (3 decks)

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