Crime and the Law Flashcards
What are the biological causes of crime
Psycopaths
MAOA gene
Intelligence Level
What are some economic causes of crime
Unemployment
Poverty
Economic Inequality
What are the social causes of crime
Addiction
Family Influence
Peer Pressure
Types of Scottish Courts
Justice of the Peace 60 days in prison-minor offences - Will Young fined 160 for driving through red light 2018
High court - murder rape assault - Jason Graham arrested for raping esther brown 2021
What are avaliable verdicts
Guilty
Not Guilty
Not Proven
What are some types of sentencing
Fine
Prison
Probation Order
Name a few sentences in Scotland
Retribution
Protection of the Public
Deterrence
Rehab
Reparation
Describe Roles of the Police
Maintain Law and Order
Detect Criminals
Prevent crime
Protect the Public
Suggest Powers of the Police
Power of entry
Power to search
Arrest and detention
What technology does the police use
Automatic No. Plate Recognition
Body cams
CCTV
Social Media
What are the purposes of prisons
Rehab = maths and English job prospects
Protect the Public = murder 15-30 years
What are some reasons for prisons being ineffective
Sentences are too lenient 56 scottish sentencing council
Ovrcrowding 400 past max capacity 2019
What are some ineffective prison alternatives
Curfews=easily broken j Wright murdered someone
Community Payback order 70% missed at least 1 day
What are some government responses to crime
MUP(Not effective)
50p/unit
2.50 to 7.50
VRU (NOT effective-rise in violent crime)
funded since 2008 front force
Non serial crimes rose over 7000 figures
What are some examples of the biological causes of crime
MAOA=13x more likely to commit assault
5-10%of violent crimes in Finland had perps with theses genes
Intelligence levels=find it hard to solve everyday problems so turn to poverty as solution
Relationship between low IQ and offending rates
What are some examples of the economic causes of crime (crime and law)
Unemploy,ent
Low fixed income not enough to support their needs
No money for gifts
Poverty=low income causes petty theft
Steal food to eat before next paycheck
Social causes of crime examples
Addiction=finance habbit
2015, 2016 England believed 39% were under influence
Peer pressure=impress friends
14,500 more young in 2017 according to youth justice statistics
Verdicts examples
Not guilty
Alex salmon not guilty of 12 charges of SA, R and indecent assault
Guilty
Jason Graham guilty for murdering pensioner in 2021
Police roles eg
Maintain law and order
Maintain large crowds
Counterterrorism=SPOI police must deal with
Detect criminals
Forensics and scene of crime officers collect info and store on databases
Fingerprints and DNA
Police technology examples
ANPR
license plate stored on database
Intercept vehicle when necessary
CCTV
Theft is good can’t impact violent crimes
Useful when police take it to trial
2 consequences of crime on PERP
prison sentence
Lose contact with family, friends and jobs
Hard to find jobs
Trapped in cycle
released from prison without any job prospects so turn to crime for solution
48% reoffend
Consequences of crime on VICTIM
Mental issues
Results them into being afraid to leave their homes
May install excessive security systems just to feel reassured
death via murder or drink driving
targeted attack or a reckless action a victim may lose their life
18 yr old A. Pilkington killed in hit and run in west end of glasgow last year
Consequences of crime in community
Left in fear
May be due to sexual crimes and violent ones too
women living in the Clapham area suffered increase of anxiety due to murder of Sarah Everard by Police officer Wayne couzens
Closure of businesses
Vandalism or robbery
CJs food to go closed after vandals wrecked the restaurant with sledgehammers
Consequences of crime in society
expensive for gov
tax money used for prisons
35 grand per person per year
Costs the Government billions
petty crimes
5.5 billion last year
Roles of children’s hearing system
Investigate Referrals
look into any allegations or concerns put forward and gather evidence
75% of referrals come from police
Arrange a hearing
decide if a panel should be organised, (TALK ABOUT THE YOU KNOW WHAT)
teachers, parents, victim, sibling social worker,
Powers of Childrens hearing system
Remove the child
Protection foster, childrens home or residential school
Victim of abuse
Supervision order
child is able to live at home as long as social worker visits
patching school gets social worker to monitor attendance
Effectiveness of police
provide justice
victim families had retribution to victim
Mum of paige doherty who was murdered by J leathem had justice served
Keep public safe
put perpetrators away to prevent crime happening again
16 yr old rapist who murdered aleshoa Macphail sentenced to 27 years in prison
Ineffectiveness of police
many unresolved murders
families without answer to gain justice
1000 unsolved murders in scotland
people get away
increase in crime as people get unpunished
police only get 50% of evidence needed to take ppl to court
Alternatives to prison
fine
payed for depending on their income
Raymond higgins in aberdeen payed 400 for training his dogs to kill rabbits
Anti social behaviour order
can be issued for crimes such as graffiti, playing loud music and littering
Michael O’Rourke had an order against him for playing dolly parton music too loudly
2 consequences of crime on families
Targeted by others
Result of anger, targeted revenge
Wife of John Leathem had her house egged
Cost of paying funeral
Family rely on victims income
2000 for a funeral
Why are courts effective
Custodial sentences
Lock up dangerous offenders
J leathem
Rehab
Stop from returning to crime
Wider job prospects
Why are courts ineffective
Not proven
Linked to rap and sa peeps not punished
May figures ¼ rape trials not proven
High reoffending rates
Don’t act as a deterrent
48% reoffend
Powers of police
Detain
Police will prevent potential suspect by commiting more crimes
12 hours
Stop and search
Search vehicle for contraband
Car can be searched if it is believed to have £1000 in contraband
Ways that highlight that crime is a problem in Scotland and the UK
Rise in knife crime
2018 Highest its been since 2010
36% of knife crime perpetrators given a prison sentence
Reoffending rates
Not act as a deterrent enough
Almost half of offenders reoffend
