Crime and the Law Flashcards

1
Q

What are the biological causes of crime

A

Psycopaths
MAOA gene
Intelligence Level

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2
Q

What are some economic causes of crime

A

Unemployment
Poverty
Economic Inequality

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3
Q

What are the social causes of crime

A

Addiction
Family Influence
Peer Pressure

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4
Q

Types of Scottish Courts

A

Justice of the Peace 60 days in prison-minor offences - Will Young fined 160 for driving through red light 2018

High court - murder rape assault - Jason Graham arrested for raping esther brown 2021

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5
Q

What are avaliable verdicts

A

Guilty
Not Guilty
Not Proven

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6
Q

What are some types of sentencing

A

Fine
Prison
Probation Order

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7
Q

Name a few sentences in Scotland

A

Retribution
Protection of the Public
Deterrence
Rehab
Reparation

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8
Q

Describe Roles of the Police

A

Maintain Law and Order
Detect Criminals
Prevent crime
Protect the Public

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9
Q

Suggest Powers of the Police

A

Power of entry
Power to search
Arrest and detention

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10
Q

What technology does the police use

A

Automatic No. Plate Recognition
Body cams
CCTV
Social Media

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11
Q

What are the purposes of prisons

A

Rehab = maths and English job prospects
Protect the Public = murder 15-30 years

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12
Q

What are some reasons for prisons being ineffective

A

Sentences are too lenient 56 scottish sentencing council
Ovrcrowding 400 past max capacity 2019

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13
Q

What are some ineffective prison alternatives

A

Curfews=easily broken j Wright murdered someone
Community Payback order 70% missed at least 1 day

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14
Q

What are some government responses to crime

A

MUP(Not effective)
50p/unit
2.50 to 7.50

VRU (NOT effective-rise in violent crime)
funded since 2008 front force
Non serial crimes rose over 7000 figures

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15
Q

What are some examples of the biological causes of crime

A

MAOA=13x more likely to commit assault
5-10%of violent crimes in Finland had perps with theses genes

Intelligence levels=find it hard to solve everyday problems so turn to poverty as solution
Relationship between low IQ and offending rates

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16
Q

What are some examples of the economic causes of crime (crime and law)

A

Unemploy,ent
Low fixed income not enough to support their needs
No money for gifts

Poverty=low income causes petty theft
Steal food to eat before next paycheck

17
Q

Social causes of crime examples

A

Addiction=finance habbit
2015, 2016 England believed 39% were under influence

Peer pressure=impress friends
14,500 more young in 2017 according to youth justice statistics

18
Q

Verdicts examples

A

Not guilty
Alex salmon not guilty of 12 charges of SA, R and indecent assault

Guilty
Jason Graham guilty for murdering pensioner in 2021

19
Q

Police roles eg

A

Maintain law and order
Maintain large crowds
Counterterrorism=SPOI police must deal with

Detect criminals
Forensics and scene of crime officers collect info and store on databases
Fingerprints and DNA

20
Q

Police technology examples

A

ANPR
license plate stored on database
Intercept vehicle when necessary

CCTV
Theft is good can’t impact violent crimes
Useful when police take it to trial

21
Q

2 consequences of crime on PERP

A

prison sentence
Lose contact with family, friends and jobs
Hard to find jobs

Trapped in cycle
released from prison without any job prospects so turn to crime for solution
48% reoffend

22
Q

Consequences of crime on VICTIM

A

Mental issues
Results them into being afraid to leave their homes
May install excessive security systems just to feel reassured

death via murder or drink driving
targeted attack or a reckless action a victim may lose their life
18 yr old A. Pilkington killed in hit and run in west end of glasgow last year

23
Q

Consequences of crime in community

A

Left in fear
May be due to sexual crimes and violent ones too
women living in the Clapham area suffered increase of anxiety due to murder of Sarah Everard by Police officer Wayne couzens

Closure of businesses
Vandalism or robbery
CJs food to go closed after vandals wrecked the restaurant with sledgehammers

24
Q

Consequences of crime in society

A

expensive for gov
tax money used for prisons
35 grand per person per year

Costs the Government billions
petty crimes
5.5 billion last year

25
Q

Roles of children’s hearing system

A

Investigate Referrals
look into any allegations or concerns put forward and gather evidence
75% of referrals come from police

Arrange a hearing
decide if a panel should be organised, (TALK ABOUT THE YOU KNOW WHAT)
teachers, parents, victim, sibling social worker,

26
Q

Powers of Childrens hearing system

A

Remove the child
Protection foster, childrens home or residential school
Victim of abuse

Supervision order
child is able to live at home as long as social worker visits
patching school gets social worker to monitor attendance

27
Q

Effectiveness of police

A

provide justice
victim families had retribution to victim
Mum of paige doherty who was murdered by J leathem had justice served

Keep public safe
put perpetrators away to prevent crime happening again
16 yr old rapist who murdered aleshoa Macphail sentenced to 27 years in prison

28
Q

Ineffectiveness of police

A

many unresolved murders
families without answer to gain justice
1000 unsolved murders in scotland

people get away
increase in crime as people get unpunished
police only get 50% of evidence needed to take ppl to court

29
Q

Alternatives to prison

A

fine
payed for depending on their income
Raymond higgins in aberdeen payed 400 for training his dogs to kill rabbits

Anti social behaviour order
can be issued for crimes such as graffiti, playing loud music and littering
Michael O’Rourke had an order against him for playing dolly parton music too loudly

30
Q

2 consequences of crime on families

A

Targeted by others
Result of anger, targeted revenge
Wife of John Leathem had her house egged

Cost of paying funeral
Family rely on victims income
2000 for a funeral

31
Q

Why are courts effective

A

Custodial sentences
Lock up dangerous offenders
J leathem

Rehab
Stop from returning to crime
Wider job prospects

32
Q

Why are courts ineffective

A

Not proven
Linked to rap and sa peeps not punished
May figures ¼ rape trials not proven

High reoffending rates
Don’t act as a deterrent
48% reoffend

33
Q

Powers of police

A

Detain
Police will prevent potential suspect by commiting more crimes
12 hours

Stop and search
Search vehicle for contraband
Car can be searched if it is believed to have £1000 in contraband

34
Q

Ways that highlight that crime is a problem in Scotland and the UK

A

Rise in knife crime
2018 Highest its been since 2010
36% of knife crime perpetrators given a prison sentence

Reoffending rates
Not act as a deterrent enough
Almost half of offenders reoffend