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Religious Studies > Crime and punishment > Flashcards

Crime and punishment Flashcards

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1
Q

What is crime

A

An offence punishable by law

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2
Q

What are bye-laws

A

Laws that are made by local councillors

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3
Q

What are parliamentary laws

A

Laws made by the government

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4
Q

What are non-indictable offences

A

Minor crimes that are usually dealt with in a magistrates court

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5
Q

What are indictable offences

A

Serious crimes dealt with in criminal courts with a judges and jury

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6
Q

What are crimes against the person

A

Crimes that cause direct harm to people e.g. murder

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7
Q

What are crimes against the property

A

Crimes that damage people’s property e.g. arson

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8
Q

What are crimes against the state

A

These crimes potentially harm everyone in the country e.g. terrorism

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9
Q

Crimes against religion

A

These rules are set by religion and only apply to its followers. They may or not be classified as crime.

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10
Q

What causes crime

A 
Lack of education and qualifications
Abusive and violent parents 
Broken homes
Drug, gambling or alcohol addiction 
Periods of high unemployment 
Gang rivalry 
Violence portrayed in films/TV
Mental illness
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11
Q

What are the three types of Crime

A

Crime against the person
Crime against property
Crime against the state

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12
Q

What are the 6 aims of punishments

A 
Protection 
Retribution 
Deterrence
Reformation
Vindication
Reparation
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13
Q

What is blasphemy

A

Insulting God or sacred things and the making of images of God. It is also a religious offence, illegal in Ireland, Afghanistan and Pakistan.

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14
Q

What is a sin

A

Breaking a religious and moral law

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15
Q

What is a duty

A

A moral or legal obligation

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16
Q

What is a responsibility

A

A duty to care for or having control over something or someone

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17
Q

What is a conscience

A

The inner feeling you are doing right or wrong

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18
Q

What is protection

A

Keeping the public from being harmed, threatened and injured by criminals

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19
Q

What is retribution

A

Getting revenge and giving criminals what they deserve

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20
Q

What is deterrence

A

Putting people off committing crimes

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21
Q

What is reformation

A

Changing someone’s behaviour for the better

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22
Q

What is vindication

A

Showing offenders that the law is right and they will be punished if they don’t follow it

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23
Q

What is reparation

A

An aim of punishment designed to help an offender to put something back into society to help make up for their crime

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24
Q

What is forgiveness

A

Showing grace and mercy and pardoning someone for what they have done wrong

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25
Q

What is repentance

A

Being truly sorry and changing your behaviour so as not to do the same again

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26
Q

Who is a young offender

A

A person under 18 who has broken the law

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27
Q

What is imprisonment

A

When a person is put in jail for committing a crime

28
Q

How are young offenders treated if the offence is minor

A

They are dealt with without court involvement e.g. the police can use warnings, ASBOs or child safety orders. The aim is to prevent further offences and give support from an early age

29
Q

How are young offenders treated if the offence is serious

A

A hearing is held in a youth court. If found guilty, they may be fined, given a reparation order or receive a curfew.
The most serious cases are heard in a Crown Court and the young person is held in custody. If they’re found guilty, they would be sent to a:
Secure training centre or,
Secure children’s home or,
Young offender institution

30
Q

What is a curfew

A

A certain time you have to be home

31
Q

What is a youth court

A

A part of the Magistrate’s Court dealing with under 18’s

32
Q

What is a Secure training centre

A

A purpose built centre for young offenders which have a focus on education and rehabilitation

33
Q

What are Secure children’s homes

A

Homes run by the local authority social services department and focus on attending to the physical, emotional and behavioural needs of the young people they accommodate

34
Q

What are Young offender institutions

A

Institutions run by the Prison Service and accommodate 15 - 21 year olds. Those under 18 are held in separate juvenile wings

35
Q

What are the advantages of prison

A

Prison acts as a deterrent and ensures the law is respected (vindication)
Protects society from dangerous and violent criminals
Gives offenders a chance to reflect on their actions and decide to change
It isolates those who deserve such punishment from their family and friends (retribution)

36
Q

What are the disadvantages of prison

A

70% reoffend, showing the system is not working
Children are deprived of a parent through no fault of their own
Prison is expensive, costing taxpayers £30,000/ year to keep one person
It is a school for crime

37
Q

What is the death penalty

A

A form of capital punishment, where a prisoner is put to death for crimes committed

38
Q

What are arguments for capital punishments

A

Cheaper alternative than keeping murders alive in prison
Meets aim of retribution - terrorists and murderers deserve to die, (‘an eye for an eye’ - Exodus)
Deters people from doing horrendous crimes because they know if they are caught they will die

39
Q

What are arguments against capital punishments

A

Innocent people have accidentally been executed
Only God has the right to take life
Reformed criminals can be an enormous influence for good
Executing terrorists would make them martyrs & provoke further atrocities

40
Q

Why do some Christians support capital punishment

A

‘Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed’ - Genesis
They see the threat of the death penalty as a deterrent to prevent serious crime e.g. in the USA, many Christians support the use of lethal injections and the electric chair

41
Q

Why do some Christians not support capital punishment

A

No proof capital punishment is a better deterrent
An innocent person could be wrongly killed. Removes the possibility of repentance which is emphasised in Luke
Only God can take life

42
Q

What are the different forms of punishment

A 
Community service 
Electronic tagging 
Fines 
Probation 
Life imprisonment 
Early release
43
Q

What is community service

A

A punishment for offenders who have committed crimes for which they could’ve gone to prison for months rather than years. The aim is to combine punishment with changing offender’s behaviour and making amends to the community

44
Q

Advantages of community service

A

Cheaper than prison (1/10th of price)
Less contact with other criminals
Greater success rate with reformation

45
Q

Disadvantages of community service

A

Seen as a soft option by some

Criminals may still continue to break the law

46
Q

What is electronic tagging

A

Tagging prisoners who are serving 3-4 months but have been released early

47
Q

Advantages of electronic tagging

A

Cheaper than prison (£2,000 approx./year)
Stops sex offenders from going within 100 yards of a school or park
Only 2% of offenders have committed more crimes while tagged

48
Q

What are fines

A

Money paid as punishment for a crime

49
Q

What is probation

A

When offenders are given suspended sentences, which means that if they get into trouble again within a specific time they will go to prison. A probation officer will give them advice and help them obey the law on a weekly basis

50
Q

Advantages of probation

A

Offenders can continue working

They still have their freedom, family and friends and can receive support to reform

51
Q

What is parole

A

When a prisoner is released without having completed their sentence because they have behaved well and accepted their guilt

52
Q

Advantages of parole

A

Offender gets second chance and opportunity to become a law abiding citizen

53
Q

Disadvantages of parole

A

Victim of original crime may feel this is unfair; although the offender has shown good behaviour in prison, they may not on the outside and reoffend

54
Q

What is life imprisonment

A

A prison sentence that (theoretically) keeps people in prison until they die. However, the average sentence is about 15 years before the criminal becomes eligible for parole

55
Q

Advantage of life imprisonment

A

The prospect of release does give hope to prisoners and reduces bad psychological impacts on them

56
Q

Disadvantage of life imprisonment

A

Victims and their relatives may not be happy that for example, a convicted murderer may be released one day

57
Q

Advantage of early release

A

The offender gets a second chance and a opportunity to become law abiding

58
Q

Disadvantages of early release

A

The victim may feel it is unfair

The offender may reoffend

59
Q

What is prison reform

A

There are several organisations e.g. Prison Reform Trust which are trying to improve conditions for prisoners. They feel that overcrowded prisons do not help prisoners reform and think that prisons should just be for the worst offenders, rather than those who commit minor crimes or have mental problems

60
Q

Why do some people disagree with giving prisoners better conditions

A

They say prisons will become like holiday camps and will no longer be a deterrent too crime.
Hindus encourage education and meditation as a way of repairing the minds of lawbreakers.
Families of those in prison need more support instead

61
Q

Buddhist attitudes to punishment

A

Important to protect society
Against retribution (First Moral Precept)
Believe in reformation and protection

62
Q

Christian attitudes to punishment

A

Against retribution
Support vindication and reparation
Stress forgiveness & reformation

63
Q

Hindu attitudes to punishment

A

Stress reformation for the importance of karma (to prevent bad karma)
4 main aims are: reformation, retribution, deterrence & protection

64
Q

Muslim attitudes to punishment

A

Stress the importance of deterrence so there is a lot of public humiliation
Victim satisfaction is very important
The law also needs to be respected

65
Q

Jewish attitudes to punishment

A

Find deterrence very important

Criminals also need to repent and ask for God’s forgiveness (reformation)

66
Q

Sikh attitudes to punishment

A

Against retribution

Support protection and reformation

Religious Studies (8 decks)

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