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Crime and punishment Flashcards

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1
Q

Name some crimes against the person?

A

Murder, rape, assault, public disorder

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2
Q

List crimes against property:

A

Arson, theft, counterfeiting coins.

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3
Q

List three crimes against authority:

A

Hersey, treason, rebellion.

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4
Q

Why is poaching seen as a social crime?

A

It is seen as acceptable for people as it helped people to survive catching animals on others land.

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5
Q

What were the forest laws?
Who created them?

A
  1. Only those who paid for hunting rights were able to hunt in the Royal Forest
  2. William I
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6
Q

How much of england was Royal Forest

A

30%

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7
Q

Why did the creation of Forest Laws cause resentment?

A

Villagers were evicted from land in preparation for the Royal Forest

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8
Q

What was the Murdrum Fine- norman

A

If an Anglo Saxon murdered a Norman and the culprit was not caught a large sum of money was paid by the hundred where the body was found.

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9
Q

What was the effect of the Murdrum Fine?

A

Murdering a Norman became more serious than murdering an Anglo Saxon

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10
Q

What was a buhr and its purpose? - anglo saxon

A

A fortified town where trade links would take place.

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11
Q

What were Tithings - AS?

A

10 men under the age of 12 who were responsible for each other’s behaviour, eg taking one to court

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12
Q

What was the responsibility of a Shire Reeve?

A

Local man in the community who would take criminals to court and make sure their punishment was carried out.

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13
Q

Name the 3 different types of courts in anglo saxon society

A

Royal court, hundred court and shire courts.

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14
Q
  1. When were Royal Courts used?
  2. Hundred courts?
  3. Shire Court?
A
  1. Most serious crimes eg treason
  2. Petty crimes
  3. Lesser crimes eg petty theft
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15
Q

What was oath taking in Anglo Saxon England?

A

The guilty could swear an oath under their innocence giving them innocent from their crime avoiding punishment.

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16
Q

Who decided a persons guilt or innocence if the jury was unable to?

A

The Church so God could decide a persons innocence in a trial by ordeal

17
Q

Name one new law enforcement introduced by the Normans in 1066?

A

Trial by Combat- two people involved would fight till one was killed or one surrenders (either way getting put to death)

18
Q

What were the responsibilities of Parish Constables? - Norman law enforcement

A

Local people nominated by the community
Unpaid constables did their jobs well
Holding post for a year.

19
Q

What did JP’s do?

A

Justices of Peace met every 4 years to discuss crimes.

20
Q

What was capital punishment?

A

Punishment with the outcome of death.

21
Q

What was corporal punishment?

A

The intent to harm the criminal

22
Q

What was Sanctuary in Church?

A

Also known as protection from the law, a person could claim sanctuary by going to the church. The accused could agree to go to court or leave the country within 40 days.

23
Q

What is Benefit of the Clergy?

A

Claiming this to avoid punishment for crimes.

24
Q

Why were church courts different to others?

A

More lenient and likely to offer a chance to reform.

25
Q

Why is Sanctuary and Benefit of the Clergy significant?

A

Shows the justice system was not equal as the Church operated outside of other authorities and treated others differently for example benefit of the Clergy was not available to women as they could not be priests.

26
Q

Name the 3 Trial by Ordeals?

A

Trail by hot water/ iron, trial by water, trail by consecrated bread.

27
Q

Which period was heresy the highest?

A

Early Modern England

28
Q

What was the punishment for hersey

A

Burned at the stake

29
Q

What were vagabonds?

A

Unemployed homeless person in Early Modern England.

30
Q

What was smuggling and what type of crime was it considered to be?

A

Bringing goods into the country secretly to avoid paying import tax.
Social crime making it hard to enforce

31
Q

What was the responsibilities of Night Watchmen? early modern.

A

Carried a lamp to light their way, rang a bell to alert people, patrolled the streets watching for criminals, male householders were expected to volunteer as an unpaid role.

32
Q

What were the responsibilities of Town Constables?

A

Had the power to arrest and take suspects to JP’s
Helped with town administration
In charge of the Watchmen in their area
Respected members of society

33
Q

What was the Bloody Code?

A

Crimes punishable by death, from 1688 to 1825.

34
Q

Where were criminals transported to during early modern england under James I?

A

America, to do manual labour and often those could not afford to return to England.

35
Q

What did Transportation as punishment show?

A

. Gave criminals the chance of rehabilitation while still acting as a deterrent
. new aims of punishments with reform
. establishes inhabitants and workers to discover the American colonies while removing criminals from England

history (2 decks)

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