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Crime and Punishment Flashcards

1
Q

What were some causes of crime in the Saxon & Medieval Era

A 
Invasion of Normans (1066)
Bad weather, diseases, harvests
Economic boom in 12th and 13th centuries
Population rise
Access to dangerous weapon
Warfare
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2
Q

What is the nature of crime in the Saxon and Medieval Era

A 
73% was theft
Heresy
Kidnapping nuns
Rebellion
Around 10% was violent crime
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3
Q

What did manorial courts do

A

Dealt with less serious crimes (eg drunkenness)

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4
Q

What were royal courts for

A 
Serious crimes (eg: murder, rape)
Kings and his ministers would deal with them
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5
Q

What were JPs

A

Local landowners

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6
Q

When was the Peasants’ Revolt?

A

1381 (caused by high taxes and rise in prices)

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7
Q

What were watchmen

A

Patrolled at night, reported disturbances to PCs (created in 1280 by Edward I)

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8
Q

What were the causes of crime in the Early Modern Era

A

Poverty
Religious changes
Government policies
Population rise (England and Wales) 2.9-4.5 million in 1500-1600
Bad harvests (1550s and 1590s)
Farmers switching from growing crops to keeping sheep (enclosed land)

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9
Q

How did the population change in England and Wales in the Early Modern Era

A

Increased from 2.9 million in 1500 to 4.5 million by 1600

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10
Q

Bad harvests were when during the Tudor Era

A

1550s and 1590s

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11
Q

Name two causes of economic pressure during the Tudor Era

A

Costly wars with France and Scotland in 1540s

Collapse in the cloth industry in the 16th century

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12
Q

Name 3 types of vagabonds

A

Angler- used hooks to reach through windows
Abraham man- pretended to be mad in order to receive sympathy
Doxy- carried a large sack, carried stolen objects inside, fed chickens and stole them

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13
Q

How were vagabonds punished

A

Flogging or branding during the early 16th century

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14
Q

What law was passed to help vagrants

A

1598 and 1601 Poor laws

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15
Q

What was the Pilgrimage of Grace

A

Series of rebellions that spread to north England in 1536 due to Henry’s policies

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16
Q

When were Charleys introduced

A

1663

First police force to be paid

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17
Q

Name some changes in combatting crime in the Tudor Era

A

Role of JPs- overseers of poor

Introduction of Charleys

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18
Q

Why did smuggling increase in the 18th century

A

Profitable
Happened at night (hard to police long coastline)
People could pay less for food
Social crime

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19
Q

Name some changes in punishment in the Tudor Era

A

Prisons are now called ‘houses of correction’ (previously used for holding criminals)
Capital punishment increased due to heresey

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20
Q

How did Manchester’s population change in the Industrial Era

A

Grew from 75,000 in 1801 to 300,000 in 1851

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21
Q

What were two causes of crime in the Industrial Era

A

Napoleonic wars in 1815

Bad agriculture in 1870s

22
Q

Name 3 types of common crimes in the Industrial Era

A

Theft
Prostitution
Destruction of machinery

23
Q

When were the Luddite protests

24
Q

Why did policing need to change in the Industrial Era

A

Medieval system wasn’t working

Thief-takers would steal from people

25
What did Henry Fielding do
Created the Bow Street Runners in 1748 Were paid and trained Started a crime magazine Recorded crime
26
What did John Fielding do
Took over the BSR in 1754 Began Horse Patrol to combat Highway Robbery First uniformed police force
27
What did Sir Robert Peel do
Created the Met Police in 1829 | Government controlled
28
Name features of the Met Police
Had to be able to read and write Wore blue outfits (avoid relation to Peterloo Massacre) Had to be at least 5 foot 7
29
Why did transportation start
Started in 1717 Prisons were overcrowded Building more would be expensive
30
How many convicts were transported
30,000 between 1717 and 1776 to America | 160,000 between 1787 and 1867 to Australia
31
Why did transportation stop
Expensive Stopped in America in 1776 after the American War of Independence Australians began getting annoyed
32
When did public execution end
1868
33
What did George O Paul do
Designed a new type of prison in 1784 Polygonal, 5 metre wall Exercise yard with isolation section Created a book
34
Features of the silent system
Prevented prisoners being a bad influence on each other Allowed to assemble for food and work Given pointless tasks In 1823
35
Features of the separate system
Prison act of 1839 Individual cells Left for only services and exercise Wore masks
36
When was Pentonville opened
1842
37
What did the 1865 Penal Servitude Act do
``` Stated all prisons should have: Hard labour (3 months) Hard fare (diet of bread and water) Hard board (prisoners slept on board beds) ```
38
What did the 1877 Prison act do
Stated that all prisons were places under government control
39
What are causes of crime in the Modern Era
Rise in technology Rise in gang culture Development in motor cars (1920s)
40
What are types of crime in the Modern Era
Cyber crime (19802) Dangerous driving Hooliganism (1960s)
41
What are some ways of combatting crime in the Modern Era
Fingerprinting- 1901 Police training in 1900 Dog handing in 1946 Usage of police cars around 1919
42
What are types of punishment in the Modern Era
``` Parole (1967) Electronic tagging (late 1990s) Community service (1972) ```
43
When and why was capital punishment abolished
In 1969 Some people were hung for bad reasons, triggering protests Eg: Timothy Evans, hanged for crimes he didn't commit
44
What was the Bloody Code
A list of crimes punishable by death
45
What was the Judgement of Death act of 1823
All crimes except treason and murder are no longer punishable by death
46
Features of Pentonville
Designed by Joshua Jebb Panopticon 4m long, 2m wide, 3m high Served gruel, rotten potatoes, bread Shaven heads (not allowed to grow back until 3 months before release) Given potassium bromide to suppress sexual urges
47
Punishments at Pentonville
Denying exercise Leg irons Whipping on the bare buttocks Treadwheel
48
What was the crank and shot drill
The crank: device with screws that could be tightened of loosened, used to exhaust the prisoner Shot-drill: a canon ball that a prisoner was expected to carry to and fro a line
49
What did a May 2003 report of Pentonville state
Overcrowding Poor education access Procedures for vulnerable prisoners were not put in place Basic inmate needs were not met
50
What did an August 2007 report of Pentonville state
Infested with rats and cockroaches Insufficient members of staff Bad conditions for mentally ill inmates
51
When was flogging abolished in prisons
1948
52
What did the 1823 Gaols Act state
Prisons must be inspected by local magistrates

History (10 decks)

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