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History > Crime and Punishment > Flashcards

Crime and Punishment Flashcards

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1
Q

What were some causes of crime in the Saxon & Medieval Era

A 
Invasion of Normans (1066)
Bad weather, diseases, harvests
Economic boom in 12th and 13th centuries
Population rise
Access to dangerous weapon
Warfare
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2
Q

What is the nature of crime in the Saxon and Medieval Era

A 
73% was theft
Heresy
Kidnapping nuns
Rebellion
Around 10% was violent crime
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3
Q

What did manorial courts do

A

Dealt with less serious crimes (eg drunkenness)

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4
Q

What were royal courts for

A 
Serious crimes (eg: murder, rape)
Kings and his ministers would deal with them
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5
Q

What were JPs

A

Local landowners

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6
Q

When was the Peasants’ Revolt?

A

1381 (caused by high taxes and rise in prices)

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7
Q

What were watchmen

A

Patrolled at night, reported disturbances to PCs (created in 1280 by Edward I)

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8
Q

What were the causes of crime in the Early Modern Era

A

Poverty
Religious changes
Government policies
Population rise (England and Wales) 2.9-4.5 million in 1500-1600
Bad harvests (1550s and 1590s)
Farmers switching from growing crops to keeping sheep (enclosed land)

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9
Q

How did the population change in England and Wales in the Early Modern Era

A

Increased from 2.9 million in 1500 to 4.5 million by 1600

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10
Q

Bad harvests were when during the Tudor Era

A

1550s and 1590s

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11
Q

Name two causes of economic pressure during the Tudor Era

A

Costly wars with France and Scotland in 1540s

Collapse in the cloth industry in the 16th century

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12
Q

Name 3 types of vagabonds

A

Angler- used hooks to reach through windows
Abraham man- pretended to be mad in order to receive sympathy
Doxy- carried a large sack, carried stolen objects inside, fed chickens and stole them

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13
Q

How were vagabonds punished

A

Flogging or branding during the early 16th century

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14
Q

What law was passed to help vagrants

A

1598 and 1601 Poor laws

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15
Q

What was the Pilgrimage of Grace

A

Series of rebellions that spread to north England in 1536 due to Henry’s policies

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16
Q

When were Charleys introduced

A

1663

First police force to be paid

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17
Q

Name some changes in combatting crime in the Tudor Era

A

Role of JPs- overseers of poor

Introduction of Charleys

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18
Q

Why did smuggling increase in the 18th century

A

Profitable
Happened at night (hard to police long coastline)
People could pay less for food
Social crime

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19
Q

Name some changes in punishment in the Tudor Era

A

Prisons are now called ‘houses of correction’ (previously used for holding criminals)
Capital punishment increased due to heresey

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20
Q

How did Manchester’s population change in the Industrial Era

A

Grew from 75,000 in 1801 to 300,000 in 1851

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21
Q

What were two causes of crime in the Industrial Era

A

Napoleonic wars in 1815

Bad agriculture in 1870s

22
Q

Name 3 types of common crimes in the Industrial Era

A

Theft
Prostitution
Destruction of machinery

23
Q

When were the Luddite protests

A

1812-1813

24
Q

Why did policing need to change in the Industrial Era

A

Medieval system wasn’t working

Thief-takers would steal from people

25
Q

What did Henry Fielding do

A

Created the Bow Street Runners in 1748
Were paid and trained
Started a crime magazine
Recorded crime

26
Q

What did John Fielding do

A

Took over the BSR in 1754
Began Horse Patrol to combat Highway Robbery
First uniformed police force

27
Q

What did Sir Robert Peel do

A

Created the Met Police in 1829

Government controlled

28
Q

Name features of the Met Police

A

Had to be able to read and write
Wore blue outfits (avoid relation to Peterloo Massacre)
Had to be at least 5 foot 7

29
Q

Why did transportation start

A

Started in 1717
Prisons were overcrowded
Building more would be expensive

30
Q

How many convicts were transported

A

30,000 between 1717 and 1776 to America

160,000 between 1787 and 1867 to Australia

31
Q

Why did transportation stop

A

Expensive
Stopped in America in 1776 after the American War of Independence
Australians began getting annoyed

32
Q

When did public execution end

A

1868

33
Q

What did George O Paul do

A

Designed a new type of prison in 1784
Polygonal, 5 metre wall
Exercise yard with isolation section
Created a book

34
Q

Features of the silent system

A

Prevented prisoners being a bad influence on each other
Allowed to assemble for food and work
Given pointless tasks
In 1823

35
Q

Features of the separate system

A

Prison act of 1839
Individual cells
Left for only services and exercise
Wore masks

36
Q

When was Pentonville opened

A

1842

37
Q

What did the 1865 Penal Servitude Act do

A 
Stated all prisons should have:
Hard labour (3 months)
Hard fare (diet of bread and water)
Hard board (prisoners slept on board beds)
38
Q

What did the 1877 Prison act do

A

Stated that all prisons were places under government control

39
Q

What are causes of crime in the Modern Era

A

Rise in technology
Rise in gang culture
Development in motor cars (1920s)

40
Q

What are types of crime in the Modern Era

A

Cyber crime (19802)
Dangerous driving
Hooliganism (1960s)

41
Q

What are some ways of combatting crime in the Modern Era

A

Fingerprinting- 1901
Police training in 1900
Dog handing in 1946
Usage of police cars around 1919

42
Q

What are types of punishment in the Modern Era

A 
Parole (1967)
Electronic tagging (late 1990s)
Community service (1972)
43
Q

When and why was capital punishment abolished

A

In 1969
Some people were hung for bad reasons, triggering protests
Eg: Timothy Evans, hanged for crimes he didn’t commit

44
Q

What was the Bloody Code

A

A list of crimes punishable by death

45
Q

What was the Judgement of Death act of 1823

A

All crimes except treason and murder are no longer punishable by death

46
Q

Features of Pentonville

A

Designed by Joshua Jebb
Panopticon
4m long, 2m wide, 3m high
Served gruel, rotten potatoes, bread
Shaven heads (not allowed to grow back until 3 months before release)
Given potassium bromide to suppress sexual urges

47
Q

Punishments at Pentonville

A

Denying exercise
Leg irons
Whipping on the bare buttocks
Treadwheel

48
Q

What was the crank and shot drill

A

The crank: device with screws that could be tightened of loosened, used to exhaust the prisoner
Shot-drill: a canon ball that a prisoner was expected to carry to and fro a line

49
Q

What did a May 2003 report of Pentonville state

A

Overcrowding
Poor education access
Procedures for vulnerable prisoners were not put in place
Basic inmate needs were not met

50
Q

What did an August 2007 report of Pentonville state

A

Infested with rats and cockroaches
Insufficient members of staff
Bad conditions for mentally ill inmates

51
Q

When was flogging abolished in prisons

A

1948

52
Q

What did the 1823 Gaols Act state

A

Prisons must be inspected by local magistrates

History (10 decks)

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