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MODERN STUDIES > CRIME AND LAW > Flashcards

CRIME AND LAW Flashcards

1
Q

Economic cause for crime

A

Social exclusion

Unemployed people have less qualifications so live in poor housing, rely on benefits, feel excluded not able to function in normal society due to lack of funds, solve problems by turning to crime to pay

Not having mobile phone

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2
Q

Social cause of crime

A

Lack of education

Low standard of education most likely involved in crime because low standard education means limited options of empowerment so turning to crime gets what you want easier

More than half UK prison population where excluded from school

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3
Q

Social consequence of crime on victim

A

Social impact

Social life+ relationships, if victim has been assaulted lose confidence affects no

Estimated £18 billion spent on physical and emotional impact of crime on victims

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4
Q

Physical consequence of crime on victim

A

Physical impact

Face physical effect of crime

People assaulted left with cuts or broken bknes

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5
Q

Financial consequence of crime on victim

A

Financial impact

Pay for lost goods, can’t go to work so loss of wages

House Bulgare,loses household insurance

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6
Q

Consequence of crime on perpetrator’s family

A

Breakdown of relationship

Family may feel they can’t have contact with them because of their crime, family may face family loss + ridicule due to their crime, can tarnish family’s reputation

Family of sex offender embarassed + distance from them

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7
Q

Consequences of crime on victims family

A

Stress and anxiety

Fear due to crime committed, difficult for families to adequately support them through hard time

Difficult so support daughter been sexually assaulted

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8
Q

Role of police

A

Prevent crime

Launch + target campaigns to make people more aware of crime

Police Scotland launched a few campaigns

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9
Q

Power of police DAS

A

Detain and arrest

Police have a warrant to arrest suspect but some circumstances can arrest on spot

2018, 42 year old Andrew Wallace arrested after police gathered witnesses and evidence proving him a murder

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10
Q

Power of police SAS

A

Stop and search

If suspected of committing offence or carrying dangerous weapon or drugs

Police search clothes if your suspected of carrying stolen property

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11
Q

Biological cause for crime P

A

Psychopathy

Medical condition changes the way you interact with others beleive you are superior. Can result in being manipulative, lacking remorse and unsympathetic.

A recent study found that around 8% of male prisoners in the UK are psychopathic

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12
Q

Biological causes for crimes H

A

Hormones

men have higher levels of testosterone than women which makes them more aggressive and more prone to risk taking

2019-2020 around 93% if all Scottish prisoners were male compare to 7% female

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13
Q

Biological causes for crime WG

A

Warrior gene

Certain warrior genes have been identified which limit the ability of the brain to stop aggressive behaviour.

The BBC recently reported a study thAt found that people with the warrior gene were 13 times more likely to commit violent crimes

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14
Q

Economic causes for crime P

A

Poverty

When you cannot afford the basic things you need to lives. More likely to commute rimes to earn an income.

Around 25% of all crimes of dishonesty in Scotland are when people steal basic things such as food and clothing from shps

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15
Q

Economic causes for crime G

A

Greed

Having the selfish desire to get more and more of something. Typically this is linked to getting money. This could be linked to jealousy.

Former MP Natalie mcgarry still awaits trial after embezzling more than$25,000 including donations intended for a foodban

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16
Q

Consequences of crime on perpetrator GTP

A

Go to prison

Lose freedom, feel trapped, no control over your life

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17
Q

Consequences of crime on perpetrator LYJ

A

Lose your job

Less money, hard to get a new one with your criminal record, more difficult to escape a life of crime

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18
Q

Consequences of crime on perpetrator LFAF

A

Lose family and friends

Might not want to spend time with a criminal, may lose custody of children

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19
Q

Consequences of crime on families LM

A

Lose money

Might lose the main breadwinner of the house, could lose their house

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20
Q

Consequences of crime on family DS

A

Divorce or separation

Partners may separate which leads to a broken home.

Families outside estimate that 20,000 children are affected by having a parent in prison each year

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21
Q

Consequences of crime on families BR

A

Bad reputation

Seen as being bd due to a criminal family member which may affect their relationship with others

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22
Q

Consequences of crime on local community DCS

A

Damage community spirit

People scared of going out, just keep to themselves

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23
Q

Consequences of crime on local community CLRD

A

Can look rundown

Vandalism, grAfiti, arson make the local community look like not a nice place to live, environmental povery

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24
Q

Consequences of crime on wider society FC

A

Financial cost

Cost of having more police and more prisoners, average cost to look after a prisoner for one year i n a uk prison is 30,00-40,00 pounds

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25
Q

Consequences of crime on wider society LOT

A

Loss of tourism

Less people chose to visit the country due to high crime levels

Scotland loses out of billions of pounds in tourism

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26
Q

Consequences of crime on wider society BR

A

Bad reputation

Scotland gets a bad reputation around the world -scene as a bad country to be associated with

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27
Q

Why courts are effective/ roles

A

To punish people who are guilty of committing crimes

To provide justice for victims of crime

To keep the public safe

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28
Q

Role of criminal courts

A

Sentencing

If found guilty, there are 2 main types of sentences-
Custodial- going to prison
The Scottish police service are in charge of the 15 prisons in Scotland
Non custodial- alternatives to prison
Include things such as community payback orders, electronic tagging etc

29
Q

Structure and powers of the court system JOTP

A

Justice of the peace deal with less serious criminal cases and road traffic cases

Crimes: driving offences, drunk and disorderly, vandalism

Powers: fines up to 2,50, 60 days in prison, cancel driver licence

30
Q

structure and powers of the court systems SC

A

Sheriff court deal with series court than JOTP but not the most severe. Can be solemn or summary depending on the case

Crimes: serious assault, possession of illegal drugs, theft

Powers: unlimited fine, up to5 years in prison, community payback order

31
Q

Structure and powers of the court systems HC

A

High court deal with the most serious of cases

Crimes: murder, rape, culpable homicide and armes robbery

Powers: life sentence in prisons, unlimited fines

32
Q

Ineffectiveness of courts NAAAD

A

Not acting as a deterrent

The courts are not leading to less people wanting to commit crime due to the consequences and the punishments in place

There are still around 250,000 recorded crimes which took place in Scotland in 2019/2020 wich is too many and shows the courts are not helping

33
Q

Ineffectiveness of courts NSPOC

A

Not stopping prison over crossing

Sentencing is not effective as therre are too many going to prison which is hurting the overall system and rehabilitating criminals

January 2019, barlinnie prison was operating At 139% capacity

34
Q

Ineffectiveness of courts SGDTC

A

Struggles greatly due to Covid 19

Many court cases have been delayed, resulting in the system backing up; while take years to get back on track

Courts have had to take place virtually, using places like cinemas as venues instead of court rooms

35
Q

Roles of the CHS R

A

Referral

A specific incident happens, and it get referred to the children’s reporter. Typically,it will come through the police or social work, but it can come from anyone.

75% of referrals come from the police

36
Q

Roles of the CHS I

A

Investigate

The reporter investigates the referral by working with social work, police, schools and health and voluntary agencies

No action could be taKen, it would be referred to a local organisation, or it could lead to a full children’s hearing

37
Q

Roles of the CHS H

A

Hearing

If the purpose of the hearing is to decide if compulsory supervision is needed for the child

Key people At the hearing include the child, parents/carers, the reporter, the panel member, a social worker and more

38
Q

Roles of the CHS O

A

Outcomes

The hearing could end with no action being taken if the panel dont feel its necessary. Other outcomes include revisiting the situation again in a few months, or putting in place supervision of the child

Only act if they feel it is in the child’s best interests

39
Q

Powers of the CHS PCUS

A

Put the child under supervision

A type of compulsory supervision order that allows the child to stay with their parents or carers but will get regular scheduled visits from a social worker. Could be put in place for students who regularly miss school to make sure they are attending

40
Q

Powers of the CHS RCFTH

A

Remove child from their home

Another type of compulsory supervison order where the child is moved to live in a foster home or a residential school. Could be if the are in danger from others if they stay in their normal home and suroundings

41
Q

Government responses to crime VRU

A

Violence reduction unit

Setup in 205 to stem the tide of knife crime across the country, funded by the scottish government

42
Q

Government responses to crime CIRV

A

Community initiative to reduce violence

Set up in December 2008 to tackle gang violence in the east end of Glasgow

On average 50% reduction in violent offending by gang members who engaged with CIRV

43
Q

Government responses to crime MIVPP

A

Mentors in violence prevention programme

Aims to train students in schools to speak out against bullying, sexual harassment, dating violence, rape, and all forms of violent and abusive behaviour

Empowers students to take an active role in promoting a positive school climate

44
Q

Government responses to crime RRAR

A

Rights, respects and recovers

Treats the issue of drug use and drug related crime as a public health issue rather than a criminal justice issue

Focuses on preventing drug use before it starts

45
Q

Government responses to crime effectiveness TRCIL

A

Total recorded crime is low

Levels of crime have decreased by 27% over the last 10 years

46
Q

Government responses to crime effectiveness RCICAD

A

Recorded crime in certain areas is decreasing

Aberdeen city experienced an 8% fall in crime in the last year

47
Q

Government responses to crime effectiveness VCHR

A

Violent crime has reduced

Violent crime figures decreased by over 20% in the last 10 years

48
Q

Government responses to crime ineffectiveness SACC

A

Stil a lot of crimes are committed

There were still a total of 250,000 crimes recorded by police Scotland in 2019/20

49
Q

Government responses to crime ineffectiveness RCICAD

A

Recorded crime in certain areas is increasing

West Dunbartonshire has had a 13% increase in recorded crimes in the past year

50
Q

Government responses to crime ineffectiveness SCHI

A

Sexual crimes have increased

There has been a 100% increase in the number of sexual crimes in the last 10 years

51
Q

Powers of the police AS

A

Arrest suspects

Can arrest individuals after thorough investigation and when they have reasonable grounds to suspect they commited a crime

For assault, vandalism, theft, drug distribution and more

52
Q

Powers of the police SAS

A

Stop and search

The power tos top you and ask personal information and where your going or where you’ve been

53
Q

Powers of the police PTP

A

Policing the police

People can make a compilation about the lice if they that they have overstepped their powers and broken their special set of guidelines

Assaulting sus tend criminials, obstructing justices or stealing resources and more

54
Q

Roles of the police/ effectiveness

A

Protect people and property

Maintain public order

stop people breaking the law and arrest and bring to court those who do

Help people who are in trouble or who need information and advice

55
Q

Police effectiveness TRCIL

A

Tot crime is low

Levels of recorded crime have decreased by 27% over the last 10 years

56
Q

Police responses effectiveness VCHR

A

Violent crimes have reduced

Violent crime figures decreased by over 20% in the last 10 years

57
Q

Roles/effectiveness of prisons PTP

A

Protect the public

Offenders being in prison means they cant commit crimes

Scotland currently at 7,000 prisonsers

58
Q

Roles/effectiveness of prisons R

A

Rehabilitation

System aims to reform prisoners, so they dont want to reoffend again

2019, 3.4 million pounds given to support mentor schemes in scottish prisons

59
Q

Roles/effectiveness of police J

A

Justice

Prison provides justice for victims who have suffered crime agains them or those they know

Murder will be given a life sentence in prison for their crimes

60
Q

Prisons ineffectiveness E

A

Expensive

Putting people in prison costs a lot of money
Cost of a prisoner in Scotland is about 32,00 pounds a year

61
Q

Prisons ineffectiveness OC

A

Overcrowding

The system is struggling to cope with the sheer number of prisoners

January 2019, barlinnie poisoning was operating at 139% capacity

62
Q

Prison inffectiveness HRRWDU

A

High reoffending rate with drug users

Reoffending rates is 58% for those following a drug treatment and testing order

63
Q

Non custodial/ alternatives to prison punishments F

A

Fines

Financial payment made to the court, very common, size depends on the crime

If someone caught speeding, as part of their penalty they will Ned to pay a 60pound fine

64
Q

Non custodial/ alternatives to prison punishments CPO

A

Community payback orders

CPOs designed so that offenders put something back into the community, helps the offender from reoffending

Litter clearance, graffiti removal, environmental wokr

65
Q

Non custodial/ alternatives to prison punishments ET

A

Electronic tagging

Offender is fitted with an electronic tag which is kept monitored, if they violate the curfew they are arrested and may be sent to prison

Used with gang members in the east end of Glasgow to stop them being out at night

66
Q

Non custodial/ alternatives to prison punishments RTP

A

Road traffic penalties

The Scottish justice system uses fines, points on your license and bans in order to deal with road traffic offences

Being caught on your phone carried 3 penalty points on your license and a 60pound fine

67
Q

Non custodial sentences effectiveness

A

No family break up

Community benefit form unpaid work

Reduce prison vercrowding

Lower cost - much cheaper to pay tax payer

Prison does not act as a deterrent - issued with reoffending

68
Q

Non custodial sentences ineffectiveness

A

People might not afford fines, so go to prison

Seen as being soft

Offenders may continue to offen outside of restricted areas or times of their electronic tag

If a criminal moves out of the range of their electronic tag it may take some times to recapture them

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